C14 | 인간의 소화 시스템 (Human Digestive System) Flashcards
Human Digestive System
Why is food important for us?
Food is important for humans, as it provides us with nutrients that allow us to perform bodily functions such as:
* Release energy through respiration for our daily activities such as walking, running and even breathing.
* Produce heat to maintain a constant body temperature.
* Grow new cells and tissues.
* Repair worn-out tissues.
* Maintain a healthy body.
What are the main types of nutrients?
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Fats
What is the function of Carbohydrates and some Examples?
Functions:
* Provides immediate source of energy.
* Makes up part of the fibre, which passes out undigested and forms the bulk in our faeces. Although it cannot be digested, fibre is important for the healthy function of our intestines.
Examples:
* Starchy Foods such as rice, bread, noodles, and potatoes. Fruits such as banana are also included.
* Plants also contain fibre, which is made of cellulose.
What is the function of Proteins and some Examples?
Functions:
* To make new cells for body growth.
* To repair worn-out tissues.
* To make complex proteins known as enzymes, which are necessary for many bodily functions.
Examples:
* Animal products such as meat, milk, fish and eggs.
* Seeds and nuts such as soybeans and lentils.
What is the function of Fats and some Examples?
Functions:
* Stored in our body as a reserve source of energy.
* Acts as insulation to prevent the body from losing too much heat.
* Protects internal organs by providing a cushion.
Examples:
* Butter, cheese, milk and vegetable oil such as olive oil, canola oil and sunflower seed oil.
* Fried and fast food.
Why must food be digested?
- Large organisms like humans need a digestive system to break down food into small soluble molecules.
- Only then can the digested food be absorbed by our body and used by the body cells to release energy through cellular respiration.
Define Digestion.
DIgestion is the process whereby food is broken down into smaller and simpler substances that can be absorbed by the body.
What is Physical Digestion?
What are some examples?
Definition:
Physical Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without enzymes to increase the surface area.
Examples:
* Teeth grinds food into smaller pieces before it is being swallowed into the oesophagus.
* Stomach muslces contract and relax via peristalses to break down food into smaller pieces.
What is Chemical Digestion?
What are some examples?
Definition:
Chemical Digestion is the breakdown of large and insoluble food into smaller soluble substances.
Examples:
* Salivary Amylase in the saliva digests starch into maltose.
* Protease digests proteins.
* Starch, proteins and fats are further digested in the small intestine.
What are Enzymes?
Enzymes are complex proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. They remain unchanged at the end of chemical reactions.
Where does the digestion of Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats start at?
Carbohydrates:
Begins from the mouth, from Starch into Maltose.
Proteins:
Begins from the stomach, from Proteins into Amino Acids via Protease.
Fats:
Begins from the small intestine, from Fats into Fatty Acids and Glycerol via Lipase.
Please ask Teacher about Carbohydrases and Amylase. Also about Maltose and Simple Sugars.
What does Amylase break down?
Amylase breaks down Starch into Maltose.
* Starch is represented by CIRCLES.
What does Protease break down?
Protease breaks down Proteins into Amino Acids.
* Proteins is represented by TRIANGLES.
What does Lipase break down?
Lipase breaks down Fats into Fatty Acids and Glycerol.
* Fats is represented by RECTANGLE & WAVY LINES
Mouth
Function of:
* Teeth
* Salivary Glands (Optional)
* Tongue
Teeth
* Cut and grinds food into smaller pieces. (Physical)
Salivary Glands
* Secretes saliva which contains the enzyme, salivary amylase to partially digest starch into maltose.
Tongue
* Pushes the food around the mouth as we chew.
* Pushes the food to the back of the mouth and down into the oesophagus.
