C12 | 생태계 내 상호작용 (Interactions within Ecosystems) Flashcards
Interactions within the Ecosystem
What is a population?
A population is a group of organisms of the same species living together in a particular habitat.
What is a community?
A community consists of organisms of different populations living together in a particular habitat.
What is a habitat?
A habitat is a place where organisms live and reproduce. It also provides food and shelter and protection from the predator.
What is an ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a complex system of interaction between living organisms and their environment.
What is the Biotic Environment?
The biotic environment refers to all the organisms in a habitat.
What is Parasitism?
- It is a relationship between two organisms in which the parasite benefits at the expense of the host.
- A parasite normally does some harm to its host.
Example:
Fleas live on the skin of dogs to feed on their blood.
What is Mutualism?
- It is a relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit from each other.
Example:
Birds help in the pollination of flowering plants.
What is the Predator-Prey relationship?
- It is a relationship where one species (the predator) kills and the other species (the prey) is being consumed by the predator.
Example:
Foxes are predators that hunt hares, squirrels and other small mammals.
What is the Abiotic Environment?
- Abiotic Environment is also known as the physical environment.
- Every habitat has its own unique physical environment which is determined by a few factors.
What are the factors that affect the Physical Environment?
- Light
- Temperature
- Water
- Air
- Mineral Salts
- Potential of Hydrogen (pH) (Acidity/Alkalinity)
Why do we need energy?
- To maintain a constant body temperature.
- For movement.
- For eating and digesting food.
What are Producers?
Organisms that can make food on its own by using light energy from the Sun.
What are Consumers?
- Organisms that feed on producers or other consumers to obtain energy.
- Primary Consumers are organisms that feed on plants directly.
- Secondary Consumers are organisms that feed on Primary Consumers.
- Tertiary Consumers are organisms that feed on Secondary Consumers.
What are Decomposers?
- Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down the complex nutrients in faeces and dead bodies of plants and animals.
- In the process of breaking down these complex nutrients, carbon dioxide is released into the atmoosphere and soluble mineral salts dissolve in the soil water.
What is a Food Web/Chain?
A food web shows the feeding relationship between organisms. It tell us how food and energy are being transferred from one organism to another.
In a food chain, about ____% of energy in food is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The remaining ____% of energy is lost into the surroundings at each level.
In a food chain, about 10% of energy in food is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The remaining 90% of energy is lost into the surroundings at each level.
How is the 90% of energy lost in each trophic level?
- Energy lost as heat during respiration.
- Energy trapped in undigested food as faeces.
- Energy trapped in excretory products such as sweat and urine.
Why does a food chain not support more than five trophic levels?
This is because there is not enough energy left in the food to support the organisms in the subsequent levels as only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another and 90% of energy is lost at each trophic level.
