C12 | 생태계 내 상호작용 (Interactions within Ecosystems)

Question 1

What is a population?

Answer 1

A population is a group of organisms of the same species living together in a particular habitat.

Question 2

What is a community?

Answer 2

A community consists of organisms of different populations living together in a particular habitat.

Question 3

What is a habitat?

Answer 3

A habitat is a place where organisms live and reproduce. It also provides food and shelter and protection from the predator.

Question 4

What is an ecosystem?

Answer 4

An ecosystem is a complex system of interaction between living organisms and their environment.

Question 5

What is the Biotic Environment?

Answer 5

The biotic environment refers to all the organisms in a habitat.

Question 6

What is Parasitism?

Answer 6

• It is a relationship between two organisms in which the parasite benefits at the expense of the host.
• A parasite normally does some harm to its host.
  Example:
  Fleas live on the skin of dogs to feed on their blood.

Question 7

What is Mutualism?

Answer 7

• It is a relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit from each other.
  Example:
  Birds help in the pollination of flowering plants.

Question 8

What is the Predator-Prey relationship?

Answer 8

• It is a relationship where one species (the predator) kills and the other species (the prey) is being consumed by the predator.
  Example:
  Foxes are predators that hunt hares, squirrels and other small mammals.

Question 9

What is the Abiotic Environment?

Answer 9

• Abiotic Environment is also known as the physical environment.
• Every habitat has its own unique physical environment which is determined by a few factors.

Question 10

What are the factors that affect the Physical Environment?

Answer 10

• Light
• Temperature
• Water
• Air
• Mineral Salts
• Potential of Hydrogen (pH) (Acidity/Alkalinity)

Question 11

Why do we need energy?

Answer 11

• To maintain a constant body temperature.
• For movement.
• For eating and digesting food.

Question 12

What are Producers?

Answer 12

Organisms that can make food on its own by using light energy from the Sun.

Question 13

What are Consumers?

Answer 13

• Organisms that feed on producers or other consumers to obtain energy.
• Primary Consumers are organisms that feed on plants directly.
• Secondary Consumers are organisms that feed on Primary Consumers.
• Tertiary Consumers are organisms that feed on Secondary Consumers.

Question 14

What are Decomposers?

Answer 14

• Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that break down the complex nutrients in faeces and dead bodies of plants and animals.
• In the process of breaking down these complex nutrients, carbon dioxide is released into the atmoosphere and soluble mineral salts dissolve in the soil water.

Question 15

What is a Food Web/Chain?

Answer 15

A food web shows the feeding relationship between organisms. It tell us how food and energy are being transferred from one organism to another.

Question 16

In a food chain, about ____% of energy in food is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The remaining ____% of energy is lost into the surroundings at each level.

Answer 16

In a food chain, about 10% of energy in food is transferred from one trophic level to the next. The remaining 90% of energy is lost into the surroundings at each level.

Question 17

How is the 90% of energy lost in each trophic level?

Answer 17

• Energy lost as heat during respiration.
• Energy trapped in undigested food as faeces.
• Energy trapped in excretory products such as sweat and urine.

Question 18

Why does a food chain not support more than five trophic levels?

Answer 18

This is because there is not enough energy left in the food to support the organisms in the subsequent levels as only 10% of energy is transferred from one trophic level to another and 90% of energy is lost at each trophic level.