C14 9-11

Question 1

Splanchnic nerve?

Answer 1

formed by symp preganglionic nerves that pass thru the sympathetic trunk without terminating in it.

Question 2

What do splanchnic nerves contribute to?

Answer 2

The abdominal aortic plexus.

It contains the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric ganglia (named for the arteries the are closest to.)

Question 3

Greater splanchnic nerve ganglion/innervates?

Answer 3

Adrenal medulla (directly), 
intestines, 
spleen, 
stomach, 
liver, 
gallbladder.  

Connects to cell bodies in CELIAC ganglion and Sup. Mesenteric ganglion.

Question 4

Lesser splanchnic nerve ganglion/innervates?

Answer 4

small intestine, ganglion unknown.

Question 5

Lumbar splanchnic nerve ganglion/innervates?

Answer 5

Large intestine, rectum.

Inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 6

Sacral splanchnic nerve ganglion/innervates?

Answer 6

Genitalia, urinary bladder. Chain ganglia?

Question 7

Sympathetic/trunk ganglia pathway to the head?

Answer 7

T1-T4 ascend to superior cervical ganglion in sym trunk and synapse.

Dilate Eye, inhibit nasal and salivary glands, innervated tarsal muscle that lifts eyelid.

Question 8

Sympathetic/trunk ganglia pathway to the thorax?

Answer 8

T1-T6 Axons synapse in the cervical trunk and form cervical nerves. Innervate heart via cardiac plexus, thyroid, mostly skin.

OR

synapse with nearest trunk ganglia, then run through plexuses.
Innervate the Heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus.

Question 9

What are the sympathetic splanchnic nerves coming off T5 and down?

Answer 9

Greater and lesser (thoracic), lumbar and sacral.

Question 10

What does the abdominal aortic plexus include?

Answer 10

Celiac, superior and inferior mesenteric ganglion.

Question 11

Cholerginic fiber?

Answer 11

Nerve fibers that release acetylcholine. (all ANS preganglionic axons, all parasympathetic postganglionic axons)

Question 12

Adrenergic fiber?

Answer 12

Nerve fibers that release norepinephrine (most sympathetic postganglionic axons)

Question 13

Cholerginic receptor types?

Answer 13

muscarinic, nicotinic

Question 14

Adrenergic receptor types?

Answer 14

alpha (1-2), beta (1-2-3)

Question 15

Where are nicotinic receptors found? What is the effect of Ach binding?

Answer 15

Neuromuscular junctions,
All postganglionic neurons - sym and para, Hormone producing cells of the adrenal medulla.

Always stimulatory, opens ion channels, depolarizes.

Question 16

Where are muscarinic receptors found? What is the effect of Ach binding?

Answer 16

All effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers (all parasympathetic target organs!!)

(also on a couple symp targets - eccrine sweat glands)

Inhibitory or stimulatory (binding to cardiac muscle slows heart, binding to gastro increases m

Question 17

Where are adrenergic receptors found? What is the effect of NE binding?

Answer 17

Any organs that respond to NE.

Inhibitory or stimulatory depending on subclass that dominates in organ.

(i.e. NE binding to b1 of cardiac increases heart activity. NE binding to b2 in bronchiole causes it to relax.)

Question 18

ionotropic?

Answer 18

channel-linked, open ion channels directly, cholinergic/nicotinic receptors

Question 19

metabotropic?

Answer 19

G-linked protein, open ion channels indirectly. (Changes metabolism)

Includes: second messengers/cAMP, cholerginic/muscarinic receptors, adrenergic receptors (alpha/beta)

Ca+ influx is most common

Question 20

B1

Answer 20

Heart - increase hr, strength of contraction

Question 21

B2

Answer 21

Lungs - bronchodilation

Question 22

B3

Answer 22

Adipose - release lipids/lipolysis

Question 23

Alpha 1

Answer 23

Blood vessels serving skin - vasoconstriction

Question 24

Alpha 2

Answer 24

Membrane of adregenic axon terminals - Inhibits NE release from adregenic terminals

Question 25

11. Describe the clinical importance of drugs that mimic or inhibit adrenergic or cholinergic effects.

Answer 25

Knowing the locations of cholerginic and adreginic receptor subtypes allows clinicians to prescribe specific drugs to stimulate or inhibit selected target organs. Better living through chemistry.

Question 26

Agonist?

Answer 26

Substance that binds to and activates a receptor (mimicks) i.e phenylephrine mimics adregenic at alpha 1 and constricts blood vessels in nasal mucosa.

Question 27

Antagonist?

Answer 27

Binds or blocks a receptor preventing a natural neuro or hormone from exerting its effect. i.e. atropine blocks muscarinic Ach receptors - pupils dilate.

Question 28

Is cocaine a agonist or antagonist?

Answer 28

Antagonist - blocks reuptake of NE