C14 12-15 Flashcards
Heart para vs sym
Para: (muscle) decrease HR, (blood supply) vasoconstriction
Sym: (muscle) Increase HR/Force of contraction, (blood supply) vasodilation
Blood vessels para vs sym
Para: no control
Sym: Vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Gastro para vs sym
Para: increase motility and secretions
Sym: decrease motility and secretions
Lungs para vs sym
Para: bronchioconstriction
Sym: bronchiodilation
Adrenal medulla para vs sym
Para: no control
Sym: Increase release of NE and E
Genitals para vs sym
Para: erection
Sym: Orgasm
What does tone mean?
Indicates which system has control.
i.e parasympathetic tone means dig. sys is under para control.
Interactions of the ANS divisions: know this
Dual innervation, antagonistic interactions, autonomic tone, cooperative effects, unique roles of sympathetic division, localized vs. diffuse effects.
Dual innervation
Control by both systems.
Not universal - sweat glands and blood vessels are innervated by sympathetic almost exclusively.
Not equal - usually one is controlling more than the other.
Antagonistic interactions
Para and Sym have opposite effects
Autonomic tone
Balance between the sym and para activity, regulated by the hypothalamus.
Typically the hypothalamus turns up one, turns down the other.
Cooperative effects
Para and sym work together - sex and saliva
Unique roles of the sympathetic
- Thermoregulatory responses to heat
- Release of rennin from kidneys
- Metabolic effects (adrenal medulla/spleen)
Localized Vs. Diffuse effects
Sym effects are longer lasting/more widespread because:
- sym postgang axons branch more diffusely
- Acetylcholinesterase quickly inactivates Ach, but NE lingers in synaptic cleft
- E and NE secreted into the blood from the adrenal medullae intensify and prolong responses caused by NE released from sym postgang axons.
What are the major autonomic plexuses?
Cardiac, pulmonary, esophageal, abdominal aortic (incl. celiac, superior/inferior mesenteric), hypogastric
What are the major autonomic reflexes?
Cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, micturition
What is the purpose of autonomic reflexes and plexuses?
They play a major role in regulating controlled conditions in the body.
i.e. bp, hr, digestion, defecation, urination.
6 types of neurotransmitters?
Ach, biogenic (incl. NE), Amino acids, Peptides, Purines, gases and lipids
- Describe the control and integration of autonomic nervous system function.
Hypothalamus is “boss”, but brain stem is in charge moment to moment.
Hypothalamus is receiving input from cerebral cortex, thalamus and limbic sys - integrates, then directs activity of brainstem and spinal cord.
Reynaud’s
lack of blood flow to fingers and toes after exposure or emotional distress
