C13 12-13-19-20

Question 1

Endoneurium

Answer 1

Covers a single axon

Question 2

Perineurium

Answer 2

Covers a bundle (fascicle) of axons

Question 3

Epineurium

Answer 3

Surrounds a group of fascicles and blood vessels

Question 4

Spinal cord function?

Answer 4

1. Relay station (sensory/motor) 2. Processing center (spinal reflexes

Question 5

Gross anatomy features of spinal cord?

Answer 5

Cervical/lumbar enlargements, 
conis medullaris, 
cauda equina, 
filum terminale, 
spinal nerves (31) named after vertebrae protecting them.  

Spinal cord stops at lumbar two. 1/2” wide

Question 6

Cervical/lumbar enlargements?

Answer 6

3/4” enlargements where the nerves serving the upper and lower limbs arise.

Question 7

Conus Medularis

Answer 7

Spinal cord Tapers into cone-shaped structure after the spinal cord terminates.

Question 8

Cauda Equina

Answer 8

Collection of nerve roots at the inferior end of the vertebral canal. Horse tail

Question 9

Filum Terminale

Answer 9

A fibrous extension of the conus, covered by pia mater, anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx (end of cauda equina)

Question 10

Are the dura, arachnoid and pia mater continuous into the spine?

Answer 10

Yes, with a minor difference - no periosteal layer in the dura mater.

Question 11

What is in the grey matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 11

Commisure - links “butterfly” sides of grey matter. Horns - Dorsal, ventral and lateral. Nerve cell bodies! Interior of spinal cord

Question 12

How is the grey matter of the spinal cord organized?

Answer 12

Into areas of sensory and motor nuclei - dorsal, ventral and lateral horns.

Question 13

What do the Lateral horns consist of?

Answer 13

VM Cell bodies (autonomic motor neurons that serve visceral organs)

Question 14

What do the Ventral horns consist of?

Answer 14

SM Cell bodies (skeletal muscle)

Question 15

What do the Dorsal horns consist of?

Answer 15

SS and VS nuclei

Question 16

What are the two grooves on the spinal cord?

Answer 16

Ventral median fissure, dorsal median sulcus

Question 17

How to tell posterior from anterior on spinal cord?

Answer 17

Dorsal horns connect to outer edge and are thinner than anterior

Question 18

What is the white matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 18

Axons –> bundles/fascicles/tracts –> columns/funiculi.

Question 19

Funiculus

Answer 19

A column of axons - dorsal, ventral, anterior “white ropes”

Question 20

What do spinal nerves contain?

Answer 20

mixed nerves (two-way highway)

Question 21

What do the Dorsal roots consist of?

Answer 21

Sensory neurons (SS, VS) (one way highway)

Question 22

What do the Ventral roots consist of?

Answer 22

Motor neurons (VM, SM) (one way highway)

Question 23

Names of axon on unipolar neuron?

Answer 23

Peripheral process (receptive endings) - central process

Question 24

Spinal puncture?

Answer 24

where cfs is flowing, under arachnoid space, below lumbar 2 (sample or anaesthesia)

Question 25

How is white matter organized?

Answer 25

dorsal, lateral, and anterior ventral funiculi.

A column/funiculi is then broken down into tracts (banks of elevators).

(lateral spinothalamic tract, lateral corticospinal tract)

Question 26

Where are the cell bodies of third order neurons?

Answer 26

thalamus

Question 27

Ganglion

Answer 27

collection of cell bodies in the PNS

Question 28

Dorsal root ganglion contain? (sensory pathway)

Answer 28

Cell bodies of first order neurons

Question 29

Dorsal horn contains? (sensory pathway)

Answer 29

Cell bodies of second order neurons

Question 30

Thalamus contains? (sensory pathway)

Answer 30

Cell bodies of third order neurons

Question 31

Terminal ganglia location/contents?

Answer 31

next to organ or in organ, postganglionic cell bodies

Question 32

Sympathetic chain ganglia location/contents?

Answer 32

sympathetic trunk, postganglionic cell bodies

Question 33

Prevertebral ganglia location/contents?

Answer 33

close to abdominal arteries, postganglionic cell bodies

Question 34

20. List the major spinal cord tracts, and classify each as a motor or sensory tract.

Answer 34

Sensory:

• –Dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway - touch/conscious proprioception
• –Spinothalmic (lateral and ventral) - pain/temp
• –Spinocerebellar (ventral/dorsal) - proprioceptor input from golgi tendon/muscle spindle/joint capsules.

Motor: Lateral Corticospinal tract - voluntary control of skeletal muscle.