C1.3 Photosynthesis SL Flashcards
How do producers obtain energy and what are the products?
Producers, such as plants, algae and cyanobacteria, absorb light and produce glucose and other carbon compounds
How do primary consumers obtain energy?
Primary consumers eat the producers, absorbing the energy they have stored.
How do secondary consumers obtain energy?
Secondary consumers then eat those creatures(primary consumers) and so on.
Where does all organisms energy ultimately come from?
Every organism, regardless of the trophic level it belongs to, relies upon the energy from the sun that was converted using photosynthesis.
What is a summary of photosynthesis and the processes that occur in the chloroplasts?
COMPARE the source of glucose for cellular respiration in mammals and flowering plants
Mammals get source of glucose from consuming/digestive.
Flowering plants get source of glucose from photosynthesis.
What is the importance of photosynthesis?
- Maintains the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere.
- Some of the oxygen released by plants is converted in the upper layers of the atmosphere into ozone due to the action of UV light from the Sun. The ozone forms a layer in the stratosphere which protects terrestrial life from UV light by reducing the quantity of UV that reaches the Earth’s surface.
- All (or almost all) the food chains on our planet start with plants as the producers.
What is a summary of photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is a series of chemical reactions that happens in the chloroplasts of plant cells when there is light!
What are the two main sets of reactions in photosynthesis?
Light-dependent reaction and Light-independent reaction
What is photolysis?
Photolysis is part of the light-dependent reactions, whose role is to generate energy in the form of ATP, using the electrons from the splitting of water. This requires light and happens in the chloroplast on membranes called thylakoids. The result is the production of the waste gas OXYGEN.
What is photolysis equation?
Which reaction does photolysis belong to?
Light-dependent reaction
What occurs in light-independent reaction?
In the second part of reaction, the energy in the form of ATP is used together with the hydrogen (H+ and e-) that were removed from the water molecule, in the light-independent reactions, to produce a carbon compound: glucose. This is called carbon fixation and involves changing inorganic carbon (CO2) to organic carbon. These reactions form a cycle called the CALVIN cycle and do not require light. They happen in the stroma of chloroplasts.
What does radiation have?
Radiation has a frequency and a wavelength.
What does low frequency waves have?
Waves with a low frequency are more spaced out so have a longer wavelength.
What does high waves and small waves look like?
What does high frequency radiation have? And what does low frequency radiation?
High frequency radiation has many waves per unit of time and therefore a lot of energy. Low frequency radiation is very low in energy and generally not useful for living organisms.
Which colour of light has the shortest wavelength? And the longest?
Mnemonic:
Richard of York gave battle in vain”
(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet).
Why do leaves look green?
Because leaves don’t absorb green wavelengths but reflect them.
What are chlorophyll molecules? And what happens when they absorb light?
Chlorophyll molecules (and there are two, called a and b) are photosynthetic pigments responsible for the absorption of light. When they absorb light (energy), they release electrons which are used for the synthesis of ATP (chemical energy). (Don’t need to know how to draw but need to recognise)
What does the absorption spectrum graph show? And what trend does it show?
The absorption spectrum shows the absorbance of light by the pigment chlorophyll (solid line) for all the wavelengths of light.
What does the action spectrum graph show? And what trend does it show?
The action spectrum of photosynthesis shows the rate of photosynthesis for all the wavelengths of light as % of the maximum possible rate.
What are the differences and similarities between absorption and action spectra
Describe how to conduct chromatography to separate pigments from a leaf and explain the importance of each step.
List 3 characteristics of the solute (in this case a pigment) that influences how far it travels during chromatography, and for each describe the effect it has.
Describe how to calculate the Rf value for a particular substance.
Graphs for limiting factors of carbon dioxide concentration, light, temperature.
