C13 Organic Compounds

Question 1

What is the name for the alternate arrangements of compounds like butene?

Answer 1

Isomers

Question 2

Why are alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

Answer 2

The carbon-carbon double bond can open up to form a further single bond

Question 3

What is a homologous series?

Answer 3

A series of chemical compounds with identical functional groups

Question 4

What is the general formula for alkenes?

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

What happens when alkenes are added to bromine water?

Answer 5

The solution turns from orange to colourless

Question 6

What tends to happen when alkenes undergo combustion in air?

Answer 6

They go through incomplete combustion, producing carbon monoxide.

Question 7

Alongside water, what possible products could be produced during combustion of alkenes?

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon

Question 8

What colour flame is produced during incomplete combustion?

Answer 8

A smoky yellow flame

Question 9

What is the functional group of alkenes?

Answer 9

The carbon-carbon double bond

Question 10

What happens during alkene addition reactions?

Answer 10

The carbon-carbon bond opens up and a new atom is added

Question 11

What kind of reaction produces alkanes from alkenes?

Answer 11

Hydrogenation (hydrogen addition reaction)

Question 12

What is the product of alkene hydration?

Answer 12

An alcohol

Question 13

Why do alkenes turn bromine water colourless?

Answer 13

They undergo a halogen addition reaction which forms a colourless compound

Question 14

Under what conditions can alkenes be polymerised?

Answer 14

Under high pressure with a catalyst

Question 15

What happens to the carbon-carbon double bond in polymerisation?

Answer 15

It ‘opens up’ to link onto the other monomers

Question 16

What is the general formula for an alcohol?

Answer 16

C[n]H[2n+1]OH

Question 17

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

Answer 17

-OH

Question 18

What are the products of complete combustion of alcohols?

Answer 18

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 19

What is the pH of a solution containing water and one of the first 4 alcohols?

Answer 19

7

Question 20

What metal do alcohols react with, and what gaseous product is formed?

Answer 20

Sodium and hydrogen

Question 21

What products are formed when alcohols are oxidised?

Answer 21

Carboxylic acids

Question 22

List 3 uses of alcohols:

Answer 22

-Drinks
-Solvents
-Fuel

Question 23

Why can alcohols be used as solvents?

Answer 23

It can dissolve compounds like fats, hydrocarbons and oils that are insoluble in water

Question 24

Describe the process of fermentation:

Answer 24

Yeast cells are deprived of oxygen and kept in slightly acidic conditions at temperatures of around 37 degrees. Enzymes in the yeast cells convert the glucose into alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 25

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

Answer 25

-COOH

Question 26

Describe the functional group of a carboxylic acid:

Answer 26

A carbon atom forms a double bond with a lone oxygen atom and a single bond with an oxygen atom in an -OH group

Question 27

What is the formula of propanoic acid?

Answer 27

C[2]H[5]COOH OR CH[3]CH[2]COOH

Question 28

What salt is formed when ethanoic acid reacts with sodium carbonate?

Answer 28

Sodium ethanoate

Question 29

Why are carboxylic acids considered ‘weak acids’?

Answer 29

They only partially ionise in aqueous solutions

Question 30

What is the functional group of an ester?

Answer 30

-COO-

Question 31

In the presence of an acid catalyst, what are the products of a reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?

Answer 31

An ester and water

Question 32

What are the products of a reaction between ethanoic acid and ethanol?

Answer 32

Water and ethyl ethanoate

Question 33

Describe the ester functional group:

Answer 33

A carbon atom forming a double bond with an oxygen atom and a single bond with another oxygen atom

Question 34

What happens in condensation polymerisation?

Answer 34

Bonds form between the monomers, forming polymer chains and releasing a molecule like water

Question 35

What is a diol?

Answer 35

A molecule with 2 -OH groups

Question 36

What happens in the reaction between a dicarboxylic acid and a diol?

Answer 36

They form water and an ester link- and can form a polyester chain

Question 37

List 3 ways that condensation polymerisation differs from addition polymerisation:

Answer 37

-Condensation polymerisation either contains 2 different monomers or 1 monomer with 2 different functional groups
-Addition polymerisation has only one product
-Addition polymerisation only involves the C=C functional group

Question 38

What are the 2 functional groups on an amino acid?

Answer 38

-Basic amino group (NH[2])
-Acid carboxyl group (COOH)

Question 39

What reaction occurs in the formation of polypeptides?

Answer 39

Condensation polymerisation

Question 40

List 3 uses of proteins in the human body:
(hint none of them are growth and repair 🔫)

Answer 40

-Enzymes
-Haemoglobin
-Antibodies

Question 41

List 3 naturally occurring polymers aside from proteins:

Answer 41

-DNA
-Starch
-Cellulose

Question 42

What is the monomer of DNA?

Answer 42

A nucleotide

Question 43

How many polymer chains is DNA made up of?

Answer 43

2