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Biology HL > C1.2 Cell Respiration > Flashcards

C1.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary purpose of cell respiration?

A

To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.

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2
Q

True or False: Cell respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen.

A

False.

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3
Q

What are the three main stages of aerobic respiration?

A

Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.

A

cytoplasm.

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5
Q

What is the net gain of ATP from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

A

2 ATP.

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6
Q

Which molecule is produced at the end of glycolysis?

A

Pyruvate.

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7
Q

What is the main role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

A

To act as an electron carrier.

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8
Q

True or False: The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is produced during the Krebs cycle that is essential for the Electron Transport Chain?

A

NADH and FADH2.

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10
Q

Describe the location of the Electron Transport Chain.

A

It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

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11
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: Fermentation occurs in the absence of ______.

A

oxygen.

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13
Q

What are the two types of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.

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14
Q

True or False: Lactic acid fermentation occurs in yeast.

A

False.

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15
Q

What is the main product of alcoholic fermentation?

A

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

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16
Q

Which process generates the most ATP?

A

Aerobic respiration.

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17
Q

What is the total theoretical yield of ATP from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

A

Up to 38 ATP.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to extract energy is called ______.

A

catabolism.

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19
Q

What is oxidative phosphorylation?

A

The production of ATP using the energy from electron transport and the proton gradient.

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20
Q

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

A

To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

21
Q

True or False: All organisms perform cellular respiration.

A

True.

22
Q

What is substrate-level phosphorylation?

A

The direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

23
Q

What is the main function of coenzymes in cellular respiration?

A

To assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.

24
Q

Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle is also known as the ______ cycle.

A

Citric acid.

25
Q

What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and water.

26
Q

True or False: The energy from glucose is released all at once.

A

False.

27
Q

What role does oxygen play in the Electron Transport Chain?

A

It acts as the final electron acceptor.

28
Q

What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?

A

It drives ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis.

29
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase.

30
Q

Fill in the blank: The byproduct of the Krebs cycle is ______.

A

carbon dioxide.

31
Q

What is the role of FAD in cellular respiration?

A

To serve as an electron carrier like NAD+.

32
Q

True or False: ATP can be stored in large amounts in cells.

A

False.

33
Q

What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?

A

To produce electron carriers for the Electron Transport Chain.

34
Q

What happens during lactic acid fermentation?

A

Glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP.

35
Q

Fill in the blank: The conversion of glucose to pyruvate is called ______.

A

glycolysis.

36
Q

What is chemiosmosis?

A

The movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP.

37
Q

In which part of the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle occur?

A

In the mitochondrial matrix.

38
Q

What is the main energy currency of the cell?

A

ATP.

39
Q

Fill in the blank: The complete oxidation of glucose involves ______ respiration.

A

aerobic.

40
Q

What do we call the process of converting energy stored in food into ATP?

A

Cellular respiration.

41
Q

True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.

A

True.

42
Q

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

A

To accept electrons at the end of the Electron Transport Chain.

43
Q

What are the two stages of glycolysis?

A

Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase.

44
Q

Fill in the blank: The energy released during electron transport is used to pump protons into the ______ space.

A

intermembrane.

45
Q

What is the significance of the mitochondrial inner membrane’s structure?

A

It increases the surface area for the Electron Transport Chain.

46
Q

Which type of cell respiration occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise?

A

Lactic acid fermentation.

47
Q

What is the end product of the Krebs cycle?

A

Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.

48
Q

What is the primary role of the Electron Transport Chain?

A

To create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.

49
Q

True or False: Glycolysis is an anaerobic process.

A

True.

Biology HL (5 decks)

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