C1.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is the primary purpose of cell respiration?
To convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP.
True or False: Cell respiration occurs only in the presence of oxygen.
False.
What are the three main stages of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain.
Fill in the blank: Glycolysis occurs in the ______ of the cell.
cytoplasm.
What is the net gain of ATP from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
2 ATP.
Which molecule is produced at the end of glycolysis?
Pyruvate.
What is the main role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
To act as an electron carrier.
True or False: The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria.
True.
What is produced during the Krebs cycle that is essential for the Electron Transport Chain?
NADH and FADH2.
Describe the location of the Electron Transport Chain.
It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen.
Fill in the blank: Fermentation occurs in the absence of ______.
oxygen.
What are the two types of fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
True or False: Lactic acid fermentation occurs in yeast.
False.
What is the main product of alcoholic fermentation?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Which process generates the most ATP?
Aerobic respiration.
What is the total theoretical yield of ATP from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
Up to 38 ATP.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to extract energy is called ______.
catabolism.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
The production of ATP using the energy from electron transport and the proton gradient.
What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?
To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
True or False: All organisms perform cellular respiration.
True.
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
The direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.
What is the main function of coenzymes in cellular respiration?
To assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
Fill in the blank: The Krebs cycle is also known as the ______ cycle.
Citric acid.
What is produced as a waste product of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
True or False: The energy from glucose is released all at once.
False.
What role does oxygen play in the Electron Transport Chain?
It acts as the final electron acceptor.
What is the significance of the proton gradient in cellular respiration?
It drives ATP synthesis through chemiosmosis.
Which enzyme is responsible for the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Fill in the blank: The byproduct of the Krebs cycle is ______.
carbon dioxide.
What is the role of FAD in cellular respiration?
To serve as an electron carrier like NAD+.
True or False: ATP can be stored in large amounts in cells.
False.
What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle?
To produce electron carriers for the Electron Transport Chain.
What happens during lactic acid fermentation?
Glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP.
Fill in the blank: The conversion of glucose to pyruvate is called ______.
glycolysis.
What is chemiosmosis?
The movement of protons across a membrane to generate ATP.
In which part of the mitochondria does the Krebs cycle occur?
In the mitochondrial matrix.
What is the main energy currency of the cell?
ATP.
Fill in the blank: The complete oxidation of glucose involves ______ respiration.
aerobic.
What do we call the process of converting energy stored in food into ATP?
Cellular respiration.
True or False: Anaerobic respiration produces less ATP than aerobic respiration.
True.
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
To accept electrons at the end of the Electron Transport Chain.
What are the two stages of glycolysis?
Energy investment phase and energy payoff phase.
Fill in the blank: The energy released during electron transport is used to pump protons into the ______ space.
intermembrane.
What is the significance of the mitochondrial inner membrane’s structure?
It increases the surface area for the Electron Transport Chain.
Which type of cell respiration occurs in muscle cells during intense exercise?
Lactic acid fermentation.
What is the end product of the Krebs cycle?
Carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
What is the primary role of the Electron Transport Chain?
To create a proton gradient for ATP synthesis.
True or False: Glycolysis is an anaerobic process.
True.
