C1.1 Enzymes And Metabolism Flashcards
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
True or False: Enzymes are consumed during the reactions they catalyze.
False
What is the role of the active site in an enzyme?
The active site is the region on the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes are typically ________ proteins.
globular
What is the term for the maximum rate of reaction for an enzyme?
Vmax
How do temperature changes affect enzyme activity?
Increasing temperature typically increases enzyme activity up to an optimal point, after which activity decreases due to denaturation.
What is the effect of pH on enzyme activity?
Each enzyme has an optimal pH at which it functions best; deviations can reduce activity or denature the enzyme.
What are coenzymes?
Coenzymes are organic molecules that assist enzymes in catalyzing reactions.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting enzyme activity? A) Temperature B) Concentration of substrate C) Color of the enzyme D) pH
C) Color of the enzyme
What is enzyme specificity?
Enzyme specificity refers to the ability of an enzyme to select for a particular substrate among a group of similar chemical molecules.
Fill in the blank: The model that describes how enzymes and substrates interact is called the ________ model.
induced fit
True or False: Enzymes can catalyze multiple types of reactions.
False
What is an enzyme inhibitor?
An enzyme inhibitor is a substance that decreases or stops the activity of an enzyme.
Multiple Choice: Which type of inhibition involves the inhibitor binding to the active site? A) Competitive B) Non-competitive C) Uncompetitive D) Allosteric
A) Competitive
What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive inhibition?
Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, while non-competitive inhibition occurs when the inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site.
Fill in the blank: Enzymes that break down substrates are called ________.
hydrolases
What is metabolism?
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur within a living organism.
True or False: Catabolic pathways break down molecules to release energy.
True
What is an anabolic pathway?
An anabolic pathway is a series of reactions that construct molecules from smaller units, usually requiring energy.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a product of cellular respiration? A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) Carbon dioxide D) Water
C) Carbon dioxide
What is the role of ATP in metabolism?
ATP serves as the primary energy carrier in cells, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into pyruvate is called ________.
glycolysis
What is the significance of enzyme concentration on reaction rate?
Increasing enzyme concentration generally increases the reaction rate, provided there is sufficient substrate available.
True or False: All enzymes require cofactors to function.
False
What is a metabolic pathway?
A metabolic pathway is a series of interconnected biochemical reactions that convert a substrate into a product.
Multiple Choice: Which process occurs in the mitochondria? A) Glycolysis B) Krebs Cycle C) Fermentation D) Photosynthesis
B) Krebs Cycle
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more energy, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and produces less energy.
Fill in the blank: The end product of the Krebs cycle is ________.
NADH and FADH2
What is the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?
NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, facilitating the transfer of electrons during metabolic reactions.
True or False: Enzymes can only catalyze reactions in one direction.
False
What is the relationship between enzyme activity and substrate concentration?
As substrate concentration increases, enzyme activity increases until a maximum rate is reached (Vmax).
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a product of photosynthesis? A) Glucose B) Oxygen C) Carbon dioxide D) Water
C) Carbon dioxide
What are allosteric enzymes?
Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that change their activity when a molecule binds to an allosteric site, which is distinct from the active site.
Fill in the blank: The process of using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose is called ________.
photosynthesis
What is the primary energy molecule produced during cellular respiration?
ATP
True or False: Enzymes are specific to their substrates.
True
What is the function of ligases?
Ligases are enzymes that catalyze the joining of two molecules, typically forming a new bond.
Multiple Choice: Which enzyme is involved in the digestion of proteins? A) Amylase B) Lipase C) Pepsin D) Cellulase
C) Pepsin
What effect does an enzyme have on the activation energy of a reaction?
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction to occur.
Fill in the blank: The energy required to initiate a reaction is known as ________ energy.
activation
What is the term for the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions?
Metabolism
True or False: Enzymes can function outside of their optimal conditions.
False
What is the primary function of hydrolases?
Hydrolases catalyze the breakdown of substrates by adding water.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? A) They are consumed in reactions B) They are specific for their substrates C) They can function at any temperature D) They are always proteins
B) They are specific for their substrates
What are metabolic inhibitors?
Metabolic inhibitors are substances that interfere with metabolic processes, often by inhibiting enzyme activity.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting energy from food into ATP is called ________.
cellular respiration
