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BFS - Principles of Flight > C11 - Aircraft Drag > Flashcards

C11 - Aircraft Drag Flashcards

1
Q

What is Total Drag (2)?

A
  • Induced Drag.

- Parasite Drag.

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2
Q

What is Parasite Drag (3)?

A
  • Form Drag.
  • Skin Friction Drag.
  • Interference Drag.
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3
Q

What is Profile Drag (2)?

A
  • Form Drag.

- Skin Friction Drag.

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4
Q

Define Form Drag?

A

Rearwards acting force as a result from the shape of an Aerofoil.

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5
Q

Define Skin Friction Drag?

A

Drag caused directly from the Boundary Layer.

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6
Q

Define Interference Drag?

A

Generated by the mixing of Airflow between components of an Aircraft.

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7
Q

Define Induced Drag?

A

Caused by the production of Lift.

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8
Q

True or False. Airspeed and Drag are proportionate to each other?

A

True. The faster the Airspeed, the greater the Drag force.

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9
Q

‘____’ affects both the magnitude of the surface pressure and the cross-section that it acts over.

A

Streamlining.

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10
Q

The width of the wake is ‘____’ for streamlined objects because the separation point occurs further to the ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Smaller.

- Rear.

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11
Q

How is Form Drag affected by Streamlining (2)?

A
  • The amount of streamlining aft of the point of maximum thickness.
  • The Kinetic Energy of the Boundary Layer.
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12
Q

True or False. The Kinetic Energy of the Boundary Layer is affected by the surface conditions?

A

True.

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13
Q

Smooth surface supports ‘____’ Boundary Layer further across its surface?

A

Laminar.

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14
Q

Rough surface has a ‘____’ Boundary Layer which produces ‘____’ (2)?

A
  • Turbulent.

- More Drag.

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15
Q

Name the size of wake depending on surface conditions (2)?

A
  • Smooth Surface = Wide Wake.

- Rough Surface = Narrow Wake.

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16
Q

Name four factors affecting Skin Friction Drag?

A
  • Speed.
  • Surface Area.
  • Boundary Layer.
  • Surface Roughness.
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17
Q

How does Speed affect Skin Friction Drag?

A

The faster the airflow, the greater the Skin Friction Drag. Speed and Skin Friction are proportionate.

18
Q

How does Surface Area affect Skin Friction Drag?

A

The larger the Surface Area, the larger the Boundary Layer/ Surface Area and Skin Friction are proportionate.

19
Q

How does Boundary Layer Conditions affect Skin Friction Drag?

A

Turbulent Boundary Layer causes more Skin Friction Drag than a Laminar Boundary Layer.

20
Q

How does Surface Roughness affect Skin Friction Drag?

A

A rough surface increases the depth of the Boundary Layer.

21
Q

How can an Aircraft keep Skin Friction Drag to a minimum?

A

By keeping the Aircraft smooth, clean and free from dirt and ice.

22
Q

How can an Aircraft reduce the amount of Interference Drag?

A

Introducing fillets and fairing the places where Interference Drag is greatest.

23
Q

True or False. Parasite increases as the square of the speed?

A

True.

24
Q

Parasite Drag is ‘____’ to V²?

A

Proportional.

25
Q

Name two parts of the Aircraft which increases Frontal Area and Parasite Drag?

A
  • Landing Gear.

- Flaps.

26
Q

What is the Parasite Drag Equation?

A

½ pV² x S x Cdp.

27
Q

What is Cdp?

A

Coefficient of Parasite Drag.

28
Q

True or False. The Parasite Drag is not proportional to the Airspeed squared?

A

False.

29
Q

True or False. The Parasite Drag is not proportional to the Aircraft’s Surface?

A

False.

30
Q

True or False. The Parasite Drag is proportional to the Coefficient of Parasite Drag?

A

True.

31
Q

Name two causes of Induced Drag?

A
  • Vortices.

- Downwash.

32
Q

Name three primary influences on Induced Drag?

A
  • Speed.
  • Weight.
  • Manoeuvre.
33
Q

How does Speed affect Induced Drag (2)?

A
  • The higher the speed, the smaller the Vortices, the less Induced Drag.
  • The slower the speed, the larger the Vortices, the more Induced Drag.
34
Q

Induced Drag is ‘____’ to IAS²?

A

Inversely Proportional.

35
Q

Induced Drag is ‘____’ to Aspect Ratio?

A

Inversely Proportional.

36
Q

What is the Induced Drag formula?

A

½ pV² x S x Cdi.

37
Q

What is Cdi?

A

Coefficient of Induced Drag.

38
Q

Coefficient of Induced Drag is ‘____’ proportional to Aspect Ratio and ‘____’ proportional to the Coefficient of Lift Squared (2)?

A
  • Indirectly.

- Directly.

39
Q

When Speed ‘____’, the Induced Drag increases?

A

Decreases.

40
Q

Name three components which can reduce Induced Drag?

A
  • Winglets.
  • End-plates.
  • Wingtip Fuel Tanks.

BFS - Principles of Flight (32 decks)

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