C11 20 22

Question 1

Acetylcholine

Answer 1

Nicotinic receptors in CNS, muscarinic receptors in PNS. Released by all neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle. Botox. Decreased levels in alzheimers.

Question 2

Biogenic Amines

Answer 2

Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine, dopamine, seratonin, histamine. Broadly distributed in the brain - play a role in emotional behavior and regulate biological clock. Imbalances = mental illness

Question 3

Amino acids

Answer 3

GABA, glutamate, glycine.

Question 4

Peptides

Answer 4

Substance P, endorphins, enkephalins. Diverse effects - sub P is a mediator of pain signals while endorphins and enkephalins act as natural opiates.

Question 5

Purines

Answer 5

(nitrogen containing), ATP, adenosine. Breakdown products of nucleic acids. ATP is major neurotransmitter, produces fast excitatory responses and slow, second messenger responses. Adenosine is a potent inhibitor in the brain. Caffeine blocks adenosine

Question 6

Gases and Lipids

Answer 6

Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), endocannabinoids. Gasotransmitters: Not stored in vesicles and released. They are made on demand. NO plays a part in forming memories by increasing the stregth of certain synapses. Endocannabinoids: Act on the

Question 7

2 types of neurotransmitter receptors

Answer 7

Channel linked (direct, open ion channels, mediate fast synaptic transmission) and G protein linked (mediate indirect transmitter action - slow change, control the production of second messengers(go betweens))