C10: Organic Reactions Flashcards
what do organic molecules all contain
carbon
what does a functional group do
gives a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions
what is a ‘family’ of organic compounds also known as
homologous series
general formula of alkenes
C(n)H(2n)
why do alkenes burn with a smokier yellow flame compared to alkanes
they go through incomplete combustion
what makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes
the carbon-carbon double bond can be broken open.
reaction of alkenes with halogens
dichloroethan
di(halogen name)(alkene name)
dibromoethene ect.
reaction of alkanes with hydrogen
turns it into a alkane
ethene -> ethane ect.
reaction of alkene with steam
turns into an alcohol (reversible reaction)
what is the functional group of alcohol?
-OH
what are the first four members of alcohol’s homologous series?
methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol
structural formula
as if reading from left to right
ethanol structural formula
CH(3)CH(2)OH
functional group carboxylic acids
-COOH
first four carboxylic acids
methanoic acid
ethanoic acid
propanoic acid
butanoic acid
functional group ester
-COO-
what is alcohol used for
-beverages (ethanol)
-solvents
-fuels
how can alcohol be made
-fermentation
-ethene + steam in the presence of a catalyst.
why are alcohols useful as solvents
they dissolve many of the same substances as water. smaller molecules can mix with water and give neutral solutions
what colour flame does ethanol glow
‘clean’ blue
how do alcohols react with sodium
gives of bubbles of hydrogen, fizzes slightly
what is the product of alcohol and sodium
sodium (alc)oxide + hydrogen
ALKALINE
products of alcohol and oxygen atoms from oxidising agent
(alc)oic acid + water
why does beer and wine smell like vinegar when they are left open for too long
microbes in the air produce ethanoic acid from the ethanol
carboxylic acid + carbonate
metal (eth,ect.)anoate + water + carbon dioxide
what kind of acids are carboxylic acids
weak
carboxylic acids and alcohols form what
esters and water
what kind of reaction is carboxylic acid and alcohol
reversible
general equation of carboxylic acid and alcohol
carboxylic acid + alcohol <-_> ester + water
uses of esters
perfumes and flood flavourings
other property of esters
sweet smelling, volatile (easy to evaporate)
uses of carboxylic acids
vinegar
