C1: Atomic Structure

Question 1

What are atoms?

Answer 1

The smallest existing part of an element.

Question 2

What is an element?

Answer 2

Made up of only one type of atom.

Question 3

What are the two categories elements are split into?

Answer 3

Metal and non-metal.

Question 4

What are elements displayed in?

Answer 4

Periodic table

Question 5

What is the vertical column called for elements?

Answer 5

Group

Question 6

What is the horizontal row used for elements?

Answer 6

Period

Question 7

What are the elements that lie next to the ‘staircase’ of non-metals and metals?

Answer 7

semi-metals, containing both metallic and non-metallic properties.

Question 8

Examples of semi-metals?

Answer 8

Silicon, germanium

Question 9

What is a compound?

Answer 9

Two or more elements that are chemically bonded together.

Question 10

Describe atomic structure:

Answer 10

Concentrated positive nucleus with electrons orbiting around it in ‘shells’.

Question 11

What is at the start of a chemical equation?

Answer 11

Reactants

Question 12

What is at the end of a chemical equation?

Answer 12

Products

Question 13

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 13

The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants.

Question 14

Why might the law of COM seem false?

Answer 14

Mass can ‘disappear’ in gases, as they escape into the air.

Question 15

4 state symbols and what they mean:

Answer 15

(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) - dissolved in water (aqueous)

Question 16

What must be used in order to separate the elements in a compound?

Answer 16

Chemical reactions

Question 17

What is a mixture?

Answer 17

Made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined together.

Question 18

4 ways to separate mixtures:

Answer 18

-Filtration
-Crystallisation (or evaporation)
-Distillation (fractional or simple)
-Chromotography

Question 19

Compounds have a fixed ________

Answer 19

composition

Question 20

Describe filtration:

Answer 20

Used to separate substances that are insoluble in a particular solvent from those that are soluble in the solvent.

Question 21

An example of filtration:

Answer 21

Sand and water

Question 22

Describe crystallisation:

Answer 22

Obtaining a soluble solid from a liquid.

Question 23

example of evaporation:

Answer 23

salt and water (saltwater)

Question 24

Process of crystallisation

Answer 24

-Heat evaporating dish with salt solution over a waterbath, bunsen and gauze.
-Heating stop when the first crystals appear.
-Leave rest at room temperature and crystals should form.

Question 25

Distillation, explain

Answer 25

Separates a soluble solid from a solvent, also collecting the solvent itself.

Question 26

Describe simple distillation:

Answer 26

-Solution heated and boiled to evaporate solvent. -Vapour trapped in condenser and is carried down to a beaker as a liquid. -Dissolved solids now solid remaining in heated flask.

Question 27

What does fractional distillation do?

Answer 27

Separates mixtures of miscible liquids by using their boiling points.

Question 28

What does miscible mean?

Answer 28

Liquids that dissolve in each other, mixing completely.

Question 29

What equipment is used in fractional distillation?

Answer 29

Fractionating column

Question 30

What is paper chromatography used for?

Answer 30

To separate and identify substances from a mixture.

Question 31

Describe the process of paper chromatography:

Answer 31

-Capillary tube to dab a spot of each solution on the paper (stationary phase). -Placed in beaker, pencil line insoluble ect. -Solvent placed on the paper just below the pencil line. -Solvent (mobile phase) carries substances through paper, separating them.

Question 32

Relative charges of sub atomic particles

Answer 32

P-1 N-0 E--1

Question 33

Relative mass of sub atomic particles

Answer 33

P-1 N-1 E-0 (very small)

Question 34

What is atomic number?

Answer 34

Number of protons

Question 35

What is mass number?

Answer 35

Neutrons and protons

Question 36

How to work out number of neutrons?

Answer 36

Mass number - atomic number

Question 37

What is an ion?

Answer 37

Charged atom or group of atoms?

Question 38

What charge of ions do metals form?

Answer 38

Positive (loses electrons)

Question 39

What charge of ion do non-metals form?

Answer 39

Negative (gains electrons)

Question 40

What is an isotope?

Answer 40

Atoms of the same elements with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.

Question 41

Danger of some isotopes:

Answer 41

Unstable isotopes can be radioactive.

Question 42

How to find out average isotope number:

Answer 42

(abundance x relative atomic mass) /100 + (abundance x relative atomic mass) /100

Question 43

Limits of each electron shell?

Answer 43

2,8,8,8,8 (you get it)