C10-Organic Chemistry Flashcards
What are functional groups
A group of atoms within an organic compound that give that compound it’s unique chemical and physical properties
What is an example if a functional group
For example the difference between an alkane and an alkene is the double bond in the alkene.This double bond is an example of a functional group as it gives ethene different features to ethane and makes it unique
Why are alkanes less reactive than alkenes
They have single bonds which are more stable than the alkenes double bonds which allow for other atoms to join
What is a homologous series
Its a group of organic compounds that have the same functional group
What is an example of a homologous series
All the alkanes as they have the same functional group and along with this hwve similar chemical properties and trends in physica properties
What is the general formula of alkanes
CnN2n+2
What is the general formula for alkenes
CnH2n
What is methane used for
Cooking as it’s natural gas
Why are alkenes molecules unsaturated
Because they have 2 less hydrogen atoms than the alkane with the same amount of carbon atoms
What are the products of combusting alkanes
Carbon dioxide and water
What are the products of combusting alkenes
Carbon dioxide,water and unburnt carbon particles due to incomplete combustion
What happens when alkenes react with hydrogen
The carbon to carbon double bond is converted to a single bond and the 2 hydrogen attach to allow for an alkane to be created
What are the products if you react an alkene with hydrogen
An alkane is created
What is created when you react ethene with water
Ethane (an alcohol)
What form must the water be in and what pressure and temperature during the reaction of water with alkenes (hydration)
Steam,300 degrees,70 atmospheres
What is used as a catalyst in hydration
Phosphoric acid
How do you increase the yield of ethanol in a hydration reaction between ethene and steam
Due to the reaction being reversible,any unreacted ethene and steam is passed back through the catalyst
What happens when an alkene reacts with a halogen
The double carbon to carbon bond turns to a single one and connects to the halogens
What is alcohols functional group
OH
What is the general formula of alcohols
CnH2n+1 OH
What are the properties of alcohols
They are flammable,soluble and can be oxidised
What are the uses of alcohols
They can be used as fuels and solvents
What are the uses of alcohols
They can be used as fuels and solvents
What are condensation polymers made from
Monomers with two functional groups
What is formed from monomers with two alcohol groups and other with two carboxylic acid groups
A polymer
When monomers with an alcohol functional group and carboxylic acid functional group react together what do they form
Ester links
When monomers with two amino functional groups and two carboxylic acid functional groups react together what do they form
Amide links
