C1 NEW FROM JANUARY Flashcards
Unruly, noisy, or disorderly behavior, often involving a group of people.
Rowdiness
“The teacher struggled to control the rowdiness in the classroom after the announcement of the holiday.”
Noisy and disorderly; unruly behavior.
Rowdy
The rowdy crowd at the concert was difficult to control.”
To place the responsibility or duty on someone.
Assign responsibility, make accountable.
Put the onus on somebody
The teacher put the onus on students to complete the project independently.”
It takes advantage of or utilizes one’s best abilities or skills.
It plays to my strengths
Public speaking plays to my strengths as a confident communicator.”
To notice, understand, or become aware of something subtle.
Detect, catch, perceive.
Pick up on it
He didn’t say he was upset, but I picked up on it from his tone.”
To move away or deviate from a path, idea, or norm.
Deviate, separate, branch off.
Diverge from
Her views diverge from the traditional beliefs of her family.
To speak or perform without preparation.
Improvise, extemporize.
To ad-lib
When the microphone stopped working, she had to ad-lib her speech.”
To maintain the same pace or level as someone or something.
Stay at the same level, match pace, maintain.
Keep up
He struggled to keep up with the advanced class discussions.”
Producing a great deal of profit.
Profitable, money-making, rewarding.
Lucrative
She quit her job to start a lucrative business in real estate.”
A difficult audience to please or entertain.
Hard-to-please audience.
Tough crowd
The comedian had a tough crowd but eventually won them over.”
To become intoxicated by drinking a lot of alcohol. (Informal)
Get drunk, get wasted.
Get boozed up
They got boozed up at the party and missed the last train home.”
A reliable and consistent flow of money, usually from a job or regular source.
Stable earnings, consistent salary, regular income.
Steady Income
He chose a career in teaching for the steady income and job security.
The degree, scope, or range to which something happens or is true.
Range, degree, scope, magnitude.
Extent
She was surprised by the extent of his knowledge on the subject.”
To attract a lot of notice or focus from others.
Attract attention, draw notice, become the focus.
Gain significant attention
Her innovative project gained significant attention at the conference.”
To find a point where two or more things are in a perfect proportion or harmony.
Find equilibrium, maintain harmony, achieve balance.
Strike the right balance
As a manager, it’s important to strike the right balance between being friendly and maintaining authority.”
People who have a variety of skills, knowledge, and experiences, not focused on just one area.
Versatile, multi-talented, balanced.
Well-rounded individuals
The university aims to produce well-rounded individuals who are prepared for various challenges.”
Absolutely necessary; essential.
Essential, crucial, vital, necessary.
Indispensable
The support of her team was indispensable to the success of the project.”
To provide with the necessary tools, skills, or knowledge for a particular purpose.
Provide, prepare, supply, furnish.
To equip
The program aims to equip students with the skills needed for a successful career.”
To develop or improve something through effort or care.
Develop, nurture, grow, foster.
Cultivate
They work to cultivate strong relationships with their clients.”
A teaching method in which students learn by actively working on projects that involve problem-solving, creativity, and practical application.
Project-based learning
“Project-based learning helps students develop critical thinking and collaboration skills.”
Synonyms: Hands-on learning, experiential learning.
To care for and encourage the growth or development of something.
Imprint, ingrain, embed.
Nurture
Teachers play a crucial role in nurturing young minds.”
To direct one’s efforts toward achieving something specific.
Strive, intend, target.
To aim
The charity aims to provide education for children in remote areas.”
Having a strong effect or influence.
Powerful, influential, significant.
Impactful
Her speech was impactful and inspired the audience to take action.”
People who have the skills, knowledge, or ability to accomplish tasks effectively.
Competent, skilled, qualified.
Capable individuals
We need capable individuals who can lead the project to success.”
To dominate or appear more important than something else.
Diminish, eclipse, outshine.
Overshadow
His achievements overshadowed the contributions of his colleagues.”
A state of agreement or balance between two or more elements, where all parts work well together.
Balanced harmony, peaceful equilibrium, smooth balance.
Harmonious balance
The team strives to maintain a harmonious balance between work and personal life.”
To think of or create an answer or way to solve a problem.
Devise a solution, solve, figure out.
Come up with a solution
We need to come up with a solution to this issue before the deadline.”
To consider or think about something carefully and thoroughly.
Reflect on, contemplate, deliberate.
To give enough thought to something
Before making a decision, you should give enough thought to all the possible outcomes.”
To reduce in size, amount, or degree.
Decrease
The company aims to decrease its carbon emissions by 20% this year.”
To meet or fulfill what was expected.
Meet expectations, satisfy, live up to.
Come up to expectations
The new product didn’t come up to expectations and was poorly reviewed.”
To dedicate your time and energy to something wholeheartedly.
Dedicate, devote, pledge.
Commit yourself to
“She committed herself to finishing her degree despite the challenges.”
To be unexpected or unanticipated by someone.
Be unexpected, shock, astonish.
Come as a surprise to somebody
Her sudden resignation came as a surprise to everyone in the office.”
To lead to or cause a particular outcome or effect.
: Lead to, cause, bring about.
Result in something
The heavy rain resulted in severe flooding in the area.”
Extremely happy or excited.
Overjoyed, ecstatic, jubilant.
Elated
She was elated when she received the job offer.”
Deeply sad or reflective in a thoughtful way.
Gloomy, somber, wistful.
Melancholic
“He felt melancholic as he looked through old photographs.”
Feeling anxious or fearful about something that might happen.
Nervous, uneasy, hesitant.
Apprehensive
“She was apprehensive about the results of her exam.”
Intensely happy and excited.
Blissful, thrilled, exultant.
Euphoric
Winning the competition left him euphoric for days.”
Feeling angry or bitter about being treated unfairly.
Resentful
She was resentful of her colleague’s promotion.”
Extremely angry.
Infuriated
The unfair decision left the employees infuriated.”
Feeling very confused.
Bewildered
She looked bewildered when asked a complicated question.”
Feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.
Jubilant
The team was jubilant after their hard-earned victory.”
To become less important or less urgent compared to other tasks or responsibilities.
Take a back seat
Be put on the back burner
Lose importance
Become secondary
Fall towards the bottom of your priorities
“During the busy exam period, socializing fell towards the bottom of her priorities.”
Rarely; not happening often.
Rarely, seldom, sporadically.
Infrequently
“She visits her hometown infrequently due to her busy schedule.”
СТЕЛЯ. SUFIT
Ceiling
sosna
Pine
To reduce the quality, value, or importance of something.
Detract from
The loud noise detracted from the enjoyment of the concert.”
Causing annoyance or dissatisfaction because of obstacles or challenges.
Irritating, exasperating, annoying.
Frustrating
It was frustrating to deal with slow internet during the video call.”
To strengthen or support an idea, object, or behavior.
Reinforce
The teacher used examples to reinforce the concept for her students.”
Designed or intended for a specific purpose or audience.
Aimed at, focused on, tailored for.
Geared towards
The training program is geared towards improving leadership skills.”
Skills, abilities, or knowledge required to perform tasks effectively.
Skills, capabilities, expertise.
Competencies
Developing communication competencies is essential for team leaders.”
The state of being united or working together effectively.
Unity, harmony, togetherness.
Cohesion
Team cohesion is vital for the success of group projects.”
The act of expanding or making something larger, longer, or more inclusive.
Expansion, prolongation, addition.
Extension
The extension of the deadline allowed everyone to finish their work.”
To make something larger or more extensive.
Broaden, enlarge, increase.
To expand
The company plans to expand its operations to new markets.”
Overcoming the most challenging or difficult part of a task or situation
Crossing the hardest point, making progress, overcoming obstacles.
Getting over the hump
Once you get over the hump of the initial setup, the project becomes easier.”
In an extreme or sudden way.
Radically, dramatically, significantly.
Drastically
The new policy drastically changed the way the company operates.”
Happening repeatedly or without interruption.
Constantly, perpetually, incessantly.
Continually
She continually updates her skills to stay relevant in her field.”
Rules that are broad and affect all aspects of a system or situation.
Comprehensive, universal, all-encompassing.
Overarching rules
“The overarching rules of the organization ensure consistency across all departments.”
Without being aware; unintentionally.
Accidentally, inadvertently, unwittingly.
Unknowingly
“He unknowingly left the door unlocked.”
Rules that match or relate to one another in a particular system.
Matching, related, equivalent.
Corresponding rules
“Each department follows corresponding rules that align with the company’s policies.
As a result; therefore.
Thus
She worked hard and thus achieved her goal.”
For that reason; as a result.
Hence, thus, consequently.
Therefore
The experiment failed; therefore, it had to be repeated.”
To increase speed or make something happen faster.
Speed up, hasten, quicken.
Accelerate
The new software is designed to accelerate data processing.”
To keep possession of or continue to have something
Hold onto, preserve, maintain.
.
Retain
It’s important to retain key employees during a company restructure.”
Comparatively easy; not too difficult when judged against other tasks.
Moderate simplicity, effortless in comparison.
Relative ease
He completed the assignment with relative ease.”
Associations or feelings that are favorable or pleasant.
Favorable implications, good associations, uplifting meanings.
Positive connotations
The word ‘home’ has positive connotations of warmth and comfort.”
The path or progression of a person’s career over time.
Career Trajectory
She mapped out her career trajectory to achieve her goal of becoming a CEO.”
Skills that can be used in different jobs or industries.
Transferable Skills
Communication and problem-solving are essential transferable skills in any career.”
The challenging and demanding nature of educational standards.
Academic Rigor
The university is known for its academic rigor and excellence.”
Acquiring new skills (upskilling) or learning skills for a new job (reskilling).
Upskilling and Reskilling
The company offers training programs for employees interested in upskilling or reskilling.”
An advantage that makes someone or something more successful than others.
Competitive Edge
Fluency in multiple languages can give you a competitive edge in the global job market.”
Medical and healthcare services provided to a pregnant woman to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the unborn child.
Prenatal Care
“Regular prenatal care is essential for monitoring the baby’s development and addressing any potential health concerns.”
Something that is quite clear or easy to understand.
Fairly Obvious
“It was fairly obvious that he was upset, judging by his tone.”
It is your responsibility or decision.
It’s Down to You
“Whether we succeed or not, it’s down to you to make the final call.”
To tie or secure something tightly; to make someone legally or morally obligated.
To Bind
“The contract will bind both parties to the agreed terms.”
To notice or recognize something or someone.
To Spot
“She was able to spot her friend in the crowd easily.”
Thin, pointed weapons or symbols, often used with bows or as directional markers.
Arrows
“The hunter carried a quiver full of arrows.”
To perceive or recognize something, often with difficulty.
Discern
“He could barely discern the outline of the mountain through the fog.”
Impossible to understand.
Incomprehensible
“The instructions were so poorly written, they were almost incomprehensible.”
To be the most important aspect of a situation or decision.
Come Down To
“In the end, it all comes down to how much effort you’re willing to put in.”
The item or position immediately before the last one.
Second-to-Last
“He was the second-to-last person to cross the finish line.”
A person or organization responsible for managing property or assets on behalf of someone else.
Trustee
“The trustee ensured the funds were used for the children’s education.”
Good or acceptable in quality or behavior.
Decent
“He earns a decent salary and lives comfortably.”
The amount of carbon dioxide emissions caused by an individual, organization, or product.
Carbon Footprint
“Reducing your carbon footprint can help combat climate change.”
Energy from natural resources that can be replenished, like solar, wind, and hydro power.
Renewable Energy
Many countries are investing heavily in renewable energy sources.”
Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future
Sustainable Development
“Sustainable development is a key goal of environmental policies worldwide.”
The large-scale removal of trees from forests.
Deforestation
“Deforestation contributes significantly to the loss of biodiversity.”
The protection and management of biological diversity to ensure its sustainability.
Biodiversity Conservation
“Efforts in biodiversity conservation are crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems.”
Activities that are not harmful to the environment.
Eco-Friendly Practices
“Using reusable bags is one of the simplest eco-friendly practices.”
Misleading claims by companies about their environmental practices to appear more sustainable.
Greenwashing
“Consumers need to be wary of greenwashing when choosing products.”
Statements or advertisements that intentionally or unintentionally give a false impression or misrepresent the truth.
Misleading Claims
“The company faced backlash for making misleading claims about the environmental benefits of its products.”
To be cautious, alert, or watchful about someone or something that might be harmful or deceptive.
Be cautious of
Be on guard against
Be vigilant about
To Be Wary Of
“Consumers should be wary of deals that seem too good to be true.”
To encounter strong negative reactions or criticism from people, often as a result of a decision, statement, or action.
Face Backlash
To unexpectedly experience or come across something, especially a challenge, difficulty, or situation.
To encounter
“Travelers often encounter language barriers in foreign countries.”
A condition caused by a lack of proper nutrition, resulting from insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.
Malnutrition
“Efforts to combat malnutrition in developing countries focus on providing access to nutritious food.”
A simple and seemingly magical solution to a complex problem.
Silver Bullet
“There’s no silver bullet for solving climate change; it requires a combination of strategies.”
To be mocked, ridiculed, or treated with scorn or contempt.
Be Derided
“The author was derided by critics for her unconventional writing style.”
Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative.
Groundbreaking
The groundbreaking research paved the way for modern treatments.”
Extremely modern and advanced technology or methods.
Cutting-edge
“The company is known for its cutting-edge innovations in renewable energy.”
Decisions or actions that are guided by data analysis.
Data-Driven
“The company adopted a data-driven approach to improve customer satisfaction.”
Technology designed to have a minimal environmental impact.
Sustainable Technology
“Investing in sustainable technology is crucial for combating climate change.”
A major discovery or achievement in science.
Scientific Breakthrough
The vaccine development was hailed as a scientific breakthrough.”
Risks or dangers to computer systems and data from cyber attacks.
Cybersecurity Threats
Cybersecurity threats are becoming more sophisticated every year.”
The gap between those with and without access to modern technology.
Digital Divide
Efforts are being made to bridge the digital divide in rural communities.”
Under investigation or being examined to understand or solve an issue.
Being Looked Into
“The cause of the data breach is currently being looked into by the IT department.”
A narrow road, often in rural or urban areas.
Lane (country lane, city lane)
We took a stroll down the quiet country lane
To overcome embarrassment or shame caused by a past mistake. пережити
Live it down
After that disastrous performance, he wondered if he’d ever live it down.
To stop being involved in something, such as an agreement or activity.
To pull out of / withdraw from
The company decided to pull out of the deal due to financial concerns.”
To strongly demand or emphasize that someone must do something.
Insist on someone doing something
She insists on her children finishing their homework before playing.”
There is a strong probability or chance of something happening.
It’s highly likely
“It’s highly likely that the meeting will be postponed due to bad weather.”
To be about to do something very soon.
Be on the point of
“She was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.”
To express disapproval or opposition to something.
Object to
Many people object to the construction of a new highway through the town.”
Being renovated, repaired, or decorated.
Being done up
Their house is currently being done up, so they’re staying with friends.”
To attribute something to a particular cause.
To be put down to
Her success can be put down to hard work and determination.”
To be addressed in a condescending or patronizing manner.
To be spoken down to
He felt insulted when his manager spoke down to him during the meeting.”
To charge someone with a fault or wrongdoing.
Accuse of
The teacher accused him of cheating on the test.”
To be surprised or shocked by something.
Be taken aback by
She was taken aback by his sudden outburst of anger.”
To demonstrate a lack of respect or concern for something.
To show a disregard for
Driving at high speeds in residential areas shows a disregard for safety.”
To hold someone responsible for something that went wrong.
Place the blame on
He tried to place the blame on his colleague for the failed project.”
To recommend that someone not do something.
To advise someone against
The doctor advised her against eating too much sugar.”
Something or someone that has great potential or value but is imperfect or has shortcomings.
Flawed diamond
He’s like a flawed diamond—brilliant in some areas but unreliable in others.
In an unpredictable or irregular way. різко
Erratically
The car swerved erratically across the road, causing concern among other drivers.”
To retract a statement or promise.
To take back
“He was forced to take back his comments after realizing they were offensive.”
To express stronger opposition or disapproval of one thing compared to another.
Object more to something than
“She objected more to the timing of the meeting than the meeting itself.”
To have a friendly or harmonious relationship with someone.
To be on good terms
Even after their disagreement, they managed to stay on good terms.”
To have the necessary qualities or abilities for something.
To be cut out to be
He’s not cut out to be a teacher; he doesn’t have the patience.”
To proceed as expected or planned.
Go to plan
The event didn’t go to plan because of the unexpected rain.
To end or interrupt something earlier than intended.
To cut short
The referee had to cut short the match due to a player’s injury.”
To refine or improve something, especially a skill.
To hone
“She took extra lessons to hone her painting skills.”
To turn to a particular action or solution, often as a last option.
To resort to
“They had to resort to borrowing money to cover the medical bills.”
To move in a circular path or to center around a particular topic or idea.
To revolve
“The Earth revolves around the Sun.”
“The discussion revolved around the upcoming budget.”
Inflexible or unyielding, either physically or metaphorically.
Rigid
Her rigid schedule leaves no room for spontaneity.”
Polite, respectful, or considerate in manner.
Courteous
The staff were very courteous and made us feel welcome.”
To improve or refresh knowledge of a language.
To brush up on language skills
She’s brushing up on her French before her trip to Paris.”
Exact, accurate, and clearly defined.
Precise
He gave a precise explanation of how the experiment works.”
Offensive or obscene words or language.
Profanities
The movie was criticized for containing too many profanities.”
To connect or arrange ideas, words, or actions in a sequence.
To string these together
“He managed to string these arguments together into a convincing speech.”
It happens quite often; it is relatively frequent.
It’s not uncommon
“It’s not uncommon for students to feel nervous before an exam.”
To yield positive results or benefits in the future.
Will pay off
All your hard work will pay off when you pass the exam.”
To reduce or specify the time needed or available for something.
Narrow the time down
“We need to narrow the time down for the meeting to fit everyone’s schedule.”
To be very easy or effortless.
To be a breeze
The test was a breeze; I finished it in 20 minutes.”
Carefully planned or considered.
Well-thought-out
Her presentation was well-thought-out and impressed the entire team.”
To be useful at a particular moment.
Come in handy
This umbrella will come in handy if it starts raining.”
To correct or fix something.
Rectify
We need to rectify the mistake before submitting the report.”
To successfully complete a task or goal.
Accomplish
“She managed to accomplish all her objectives ahead of schedule.”
To make plans or decisions quickly and spontaneously without much preparation.
To plan on the fly
We didn’t have a set itinerary, so we planned the trip on the fly.”
The specific amount of time assigned or designated for something.
Allotted time
The students were given an allotted time of 30 minutes to complete the test.”
To confirm or emphasize something again.
Reaffirm
The manager wanted to reaffirm his commitment to the project’s success.”
: To make a serious or tense atmosphere more relaxed or cheerful.
Lighten the mood
He told a funny story to lighten the mood during the meeting.”
Cheerful, optimistic, and positive.
Upbeat
Despite the challenges, her attitude remained upbeat throughout the process.”
To fill a period of inactivity or spare time with something productive or useful.
To plug a time gap
He started reading a book to plug the time gap while waiting for the bus.”
Legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
Intellectual Property Rights
The company filed a lawsuit to defend its intellectual property rights against unauthorized use of its logo.”
Violent or abusive behavior within a household, typically involving the abuse of a spouse or partner.
Domestic Violence
Many organizations work to provide support and protection for victims of domestic violence.”
Permission or agreement for something to happen, given voluntarily by someone with the capacity to decide.
Consent
“Before starting the medical procedure, the doctor ensured she had the patient’s informed consent.”
The incorrect or inappropriate use of something.
Misuse
He was accused of the misuse of power to intimidate his colleagues
A feeling of deep sympathy and concern for someone suffering, coupled with a desire to help.
Compassion
“Her compassion for the homeless inspired her to volunteer at the shelter.”
A joint action or contribution from a group of people to achieve a common goal.
Collective Effort
The project’s success was the result of a collective effort by the entire team.”
Solving climate change requires a collective effort from all nations.”
Extremely happy, excited, or delighted.
Thrilled
She was thrilled to receive an offer from her dream university.”
To openly show your emotions.
Wear your heart on your sleeve
“She wears her heart on her sleeve, so it’s easy to tell when she’s upset.”
To stop yourself from saying something you want to say, often to avoid conflict.
Bite your tongue
I had to bite my tongue when he started criticizing my work.”
To lose your temper suddenly.
Blow a fuse
He blew a fuse when he realized his phone was stolen.”
Feeling happy and cheerful.
In high spirits
“Everyone was in high spirits during the holiday party.”
Very jealous.
Green with envy
I was green with envy when I saw her amazing holiday photos.”
To remain calm and not show emotions, especially in difficult situations.
Keep a stiff upper lip
He kept a stiff upper lip even when he lost everything in the fire.”
To pretend to be happy or okay, even if you’re upset.
Put a brave face on it
She put a brave face on it when she heard the bad news.”
To be eager and ready to listen.
Be all ears
Tell me what happened—I’m all ears!”
To feel like you are about to cry because of strong emotion.
A lump in your throat
“I got a lump in my throat during her farewell speech.”
To deal with or take care of something.
To attend to something
“She had to attend to some urgent work before joining the meeting.”
To reveal or make information known.
To disclose
“The report disclosed sensitive company data.”
To a great extent or degree.
Vastly
“The new policy has vastly improved working conditions.”
Respect or submission to someone else’s judgment or authority.
Deference
He spoke with deference to the experienced professor.”
Treating everyone equally and fairly.
Egalitarian approach
The teacher’s egalitarian approach ensured all students had equal opportunities to participate.”
Being in the same position or having the same opportunities as others.
Equal footing
The new law puts men and women on equal footing in the workplace.
In a severe or unkind manner.
Harshly
“He was harshly criticized for his controversial comments.”
Open, honest, and direct.
Frank
She was frank about her concerns with the project.”
To register or sign up for a class or course.
Enroll in the lesson
He decided to enroll in the advanced math lesson to improve his skills.”
Relevant or suitable for a particular situation.
Applicable
The rules are applicable to all members of the team.”
The ability to remember or keep something.
Retention
“Student retention has improved with the new teaching methods.”
To get something back.
Retrieve
She managed to retrieve her lost files from the computer.”
In a clear and concise manner.
Succinctly
He explained the concept succinctly, making it easy to understand.”
A substance or tool used for writing on blackboards, often metaphorically
Chalks
The old school still relies on chalks and blackboards for teaching.”
Not given enough attention or care.
Neglected
“The garden was neglected and overgrown with weeds.”
In a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimal waste of time or resources.
Efficiently
“The new software allows us to work more efficiently.”
To understand or master something.
Get the hang of something
“It took me a while, but I finally got the hang of using the new software.”
Things that provoke a response or reaction.
Stimuli
“Bright lights and loud noises are common stimuli for infants.”
To a great extent; hugely.
Massively
“The company has massively increased its profits this year.”
To upset or insult someone.
Offend
“I didn’t mean to offend her with my comments.”
A large amount of something.
Heaps of something
“She had heaps of paperwork to finish before the deadline.”
Something that can be touched or felt; real and concrete.
Tangible
The excitement in the room was almost tangible.”
To think something or someone is less capable, important, or large than it actually is.
Underestimate
Don’t underestimate the difficulty of this project.”
To cover someone’s eyes with a piece of cloth or material to block their vision.
Put on a blindfold
“They asked her to put on a blindfold for the surprise.”
Designed to be held and used in the hand.
Hand-held
A hand-held camera was used to film the documentary.”
To calm or slow down the intensity or excitement.
To bring the energy down a few notches
After the heated debate, the moderator tried to bring the energy down a few notches.”
To say something suddenly without thinking, often revealing something unintentionally.
Blurt out the word
“He blurted out the answer before anyone had a chance to think.”
To secure or cover something using tape.
Tape up
The box was carefully taped up before shipping it.”
To relax physically or mentally; to become less rigid or tense.
Loosening up
The yoga session helped me loosen up after a stressful day.”
To create, invent, or plan something carefully.
Devise
They devised a strategy to improve productivity.”
To embrace playful, carefree, or imaginative aspects of yourself.
Unleash your inner child
“The theme park was the perfect place to unleash my inner child.”
To measure, estimate, or judge something, often a reaction or situation.
To gauge
“He tried to gauge the audience’s interest before starting his presentation.”
Short, comedic, or dramatic performances, usually improvised or scripted.
Skits
The students performed hilarious skits during the school talent show.”
To take turns or switch between options.
Alternate
To revive or renew something, such as a feeling, relationship, or interest.
Rekindle
“The vacation rekindled their love for travel.”
To address or confront a difficult task or problem.
Tackle the challenge
She tackled the challenge of learning a new language with determination.”
Possible, practical, or achievable.
Feasible
The proposed solution is feasible within our budget.”
Essential or frequently used material; core content that is widely recognized or consistently included in a specific context.
Staple content
“Grammar exercises are staple content in language learning courses.”
Lacking fresh air; uncomfortable due to poor ventilation.
Stuffy
“The room was so stuffy that everyone felt uncomfortable during the meeting.”
Bright and adequately illuminated.
Well-lit
The well-lit room created a more welcoming atmosphere for the guests.”
Feeling sleepy or sluggish, often due to fatigue or monotony.
Drowsy
The warm afternoon sun made him feel drowsy.”
Lacking energy or enthusiasm; sluggish.
Lethargic
After staying up all night, she felt lethargic the next day.”
An optimistic or constructive mental attitude.
. Positive frame of mind
“Starting the day with a positive frame of mind can improve your productivity.”
Limited in space; overcrowded or confined.
Cramped
The cramped office made it difficult for the team to work efficiently.”
A half-circle or an arrangement of objects or people in a curved, semi-circular shape.
Semi-circle
The students sat in a semi-circle around the teacher for the storytelling session.”
Deliberately cruel or violent; extremely unpleasant or severe.
Vicious
The vicious storm destroyed several homes in the area.
A mild exclamation of surprise, frustration, or disbelief.
What the heck
What the heck is going on here?
To experience small, persistent annoyances or doubts.
Get niggles
“I started to get niggles about whether I had locked the door before leaving.”
Combined or linked with something else.
Coupled on
The new technology, coupled on with expert training, improved the team’s performance significantly.”
To have the opposite effect of what was intended; to fail in an unexpected and undesirable way
Frequently used to describe unintended negative outcomes in plans or actions.
Backfire
Her plan to impress her boss backfired when the presentation went wrong.”
Deep emotional pain or distress experienced personally.
Often used in emotional or psychological contexts to describe significant inner suffering.
Personal anguish
He struggled to hide his personal anguish after losing his job.”
Blaming oneself for something; feelings of guilt or regret.
Used to express internal guilt or self-blame.
Self-recriminations
“After the accident, she was consumed by self-recriminations, questioning her actions.”
To examine something very carefully in detail.
Scrutinize
The report was thoroughly scrutinized before submission.”
To accept or agree to something reluctantly but without protest.
Acquiesce TO
“She acquiesced to her manager’s request, even though she was hesitant.
To increase or improve something by adding to it.
Augment
“They decided to augment their income by starting a small business.”
To speed up a process or action.
Expedite
The company hired additional staff to expedite the project.”
To refer to something indirectly.
Allude
“During his speech, he alluded to the challenges the team faced.”
To weaken something gradually or secretly.
Undermine
Her constant criticism undermined his confidence.”
To call on something (e.g., a principle, law, or memory) as a means of support or justification.
Invoke
“The lawyer invoked a precedent to strengthen her argument.”
To make something less severe, serious, or painful.
Mitigate
They took measures to mitigate the risks associated with the project.”
To correct or fix something that is wrong.
Rectify
The error in the document was quickly rectified by the editor.”
To bring a feeling, memory, or image into the mind.
Evoke
“The painting evoked a sense of nostalgia for her childhood.”
To accept something without openly disagreeing.
Acquiesce in silence
“He acquiesced in silence, though he clearly disapproved.”
To speed up the completion of a task or action.
Expedite the process
They implemented new software to expedite the hiring process.”
To reference something without stating it outright.
Allude indirectly
The politician alluded indirectly to his opponent’s controversial past.”
To weaken someone’s belief in their abilities.
Undermine confidence
“Constant criticism can undermine a child’s confidence.”
To bring a particular feeling or quality into existence.
Invoke a sense of
“The music invoked a sense of calm and serenity.”
To lessen the negative effects of something.
Mitigate the impact
“Policies were introduced to mitigate the impact of climate change.”
To fix a mistake.
Rectify an error
“The team worked quickly to rectify the error before it caused further delays.”
To bring back recollections of past experiences.
Evoke memories of
The smell of fresh bread evoked memories of her grandmother’s kitchen.”
Decide something based on knowledge and facts.
Make an informed decision
She made an informed decision after considering all the options.”
Present a strong and persuasive case.
Make a compelling argument
The lawyer made a compelling argument in court.”
Apologize
and take action to fix a wrong or mistake.
Make amends
He tried to make amends for missing her birthday by organizing a surprise party.”
Achieve significant progress in something challenging.
Make a breakthrough
“The researchers made a breakthrough in cancer treatment.”
Leave a memorable impact on someone.
Make a lasting impression
“Her eloquent speech made a lasting impression on the audience.”
Represent something accurately or fairly. відповідає чомусь
Do justice to something
“The movie doesn’t do justice to the complexity of the novel.”
Eliminate or abolish something. покінчити з чимсоь
Do away with
The company decided to do away with unnecessary paperwork.”
Treat someone unfairly or cause harm to their reputation.
Do someone a disservice
Spreading false rumors does him a great disservice.”
Prepare the necessary basics for something.
Do the groundwork
You need to do the groundwork before pitching your idea to investors.”
Handle the most challenging or demanding tasks.
Do the heavy lifting
“He’s great at delegating, but his assistant often does the heavy lifting.
Put a lot of effort into achieving something collectively or individually.
Make a concerted effort
They made a concerted effort to improve customer service.”
Exaggerate a minor issue.
Make a mountain out of a molehill
“You’re making a mountain out of a molehill—this is a small problem.”
Intentionally emphasize or ensure something is done.
Make a point of
“She made a point of arriving early to impress her new boss.”
Progress in a challenging situation.
Make headway on
Despite setbacks, the team made headway on the project.”
Have a highly positive impact on someone or something.
Do wonders for
“Taking a break can do wonders for your productivity.”
Be enough to achieve the desired result.
Do the trick
“A bit of salt should do the trick for improving the flavor.”
Try as hard as possible to achieve something.
Do one’s utmost
“She did her utmost to ensure the project was completed on time.”
Look again in surprise or disbelief.
Do a double take
“I had to do a double take when I saw her new haircut.”
Take steps to minimize harm after a mistake or problem.
Do damage control
“The PR team worked overnight to do damage control after the scandal broke.”
Not staying the same; changing or conflicting in behavior or quality.
Inconsistent
“Her statements were inconsistent with the evidence presented.”
Stop oneself from doing something.
Refrain from
“Please refrain from using your phone during the meeting.”
Criticize or reprimand someone, especially a child, for wrongdoing.
Scold someone
“The teacher scolded the students for talking during the lesson.”
Violations or breaches of rules or laws.
Infractions
“Minor infractions of the dress code will result in a warning.”
Giving or entrusting someone with authority or responsibility.
Vesting some responsibility in someone
The CEO is vesting some responsibility in the younger members of the team.”
Criticize or reprimand harshly.
Chastise
“He was chastised by his boss for missing the deadline.”
Persuade someone not to do something.
Dissuade
She tried to dissuade him from quitting his job.”
Causing someone to feel ashamed or foolish. принизливий
Humiliating
“Forgetting her lines on stage was a humiliating experience.”
An idea or invention created by one person or a group.
Brainchild
“The new app was the brainchild of a young software engineer.”
Something that lasts over time as a tribute or memory of an event, idea, or person.
Enduring Monument
“The Eiffel Tower stands as an enduring monument to French ingenuity.”
A situation where something is insufficient or lacking.
There is a Shortage of Something
“There is a shortage of skilled workers in the construction industry.”
To be extracted (stone or other materials) from the earth, typically from a quarry.
To Be Quarried
“The marble used in the building was quarried from Italy.”
(noun) a place where coal is extracted from the ground
The workers spent their days in the …, digging for valuable resources.
Coal Quarry
The workers spent their days in the coal quarry, digging for valuable resources.
(adjective) growing or spreading unchecked; widespread
The rampant weeds took over the garden.
Rampant
The rampant weeds took over the garden.
(adjective) abandoned and empty; lacking inhabitants or visitors
The … town was overgrown with weeds.
Deserted
The deserted town was overgrown with weeds.
(verb) to take back something that was lost or taken away
The company worked to … its former market position.
Reclaim
The company worked to reclaim its former market position.
(verb) to hide something or keep it secret
She tried to … her emotions during the interview.
To Conceal
She tried to conceal her emotions during the interview.
(verb phrase) to feel a strong interest or attraction towards someone or something
She was … the vibrant colors of the painting.
to be drawn to
She was drawn to the vibrant colors of the painting.
(noun) memories that remain in one’s mind for a long time, often due to their emotional significance or impact
The trip to the Grand Canyon created … for the family.
Lasting memories
The trip to the Grand Canyon created lasting memories for the family.
(noun) the degree of variation in trading prices over time in a market.
Investors often worry about … during economic downturns.
Market volatility
Investors often worry about market volatility during economic downturns.
(noun) the obligation of individuals or organizations to manage their financial resources wisely and sustainably.
The government emphasized … by reducing unnecessary expenditures.
Fiscal responsibility
The government emphasized fiscal responsibility by reducing unnecessary expenditures.
(noun) the difference between the cost of producing something and the price at which it is sold, expressed as a percentage of sales.
The store’s … increased after they negotiated better deals with suppliers.
Profit margins
The company improved its profit margins by reducing production costs.
The store’s profit margins increased after they negotiated better deals with suppliers.
(noun) the management of the flow of goods and services, including all processes that transform raw materials into final products
Effective … can reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction.
Supply chain management
Effective supply chain management can reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction.
(noun) a period when the economy is performing poorly, characterized by reduced consumer spending, increased unemployment, and decreased production.
The country experienced an … that led to widespread layoffs.
Economic downturn
The country experienced an economic downturn that led to widespread layoffs.
(verb phrase) to spread investments across various assets to reduce risk
Investors often … by including stocks, bonds, and real estate in their portfolio.
Diversify investments
Investors often diversify investments by including stocks, bonds, and real estate in their portfolio.
(noun) a condition or circumstance that puts a company in a favorable or superior business position
The company’s innovative technology gave it a significant … over its rivals.
Competitive advantage
The company’s innovative technology gave it a significant competitive advantage over its rivals.
(noun) a business model in which companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their operations and interactions with stakeholders.
Many companies are adopting …. practices to improve their public image.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR)
Many companies are adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices to improve their public image.
(noun) economies that are in the process of rapid growth and industrialization
Investors are increasingly looking to … like India and Brazil for opportunities.
Emerging markets
Investors are increasingly looking to emerging markets like India and Brazil for opportunities.
(noun) assets that can be quickly converted into cash without losing value
Savings accounts and stocks are considered ….
Liquid assets
Savings accounts and stocks are considered liquid assets.
(verb) to play audio or video content from a later point to an earlier point
Please … the audio so we can hear that part again.
Rewind the audio
Please rewind the audio so we can hear that part again.
(adjective) having a shiny, smooth surface
The magazine had a … finish that made the pictures pop.
Glossy
The magazine had a glossy finish that made the pictures pop.
(adverb) in the end; finally
…, we decided to go with the original plan.
Ultimately
Ultimately, we decided to go with the original plan.
(verb phrase) to experience difficulty in making a decision when faced with multiple options
She was … of staying at home or going out with friends.
To be torn between choices
She was torn between choices of staying at home or going out with friends.
(verb) to follow or chase someone or something in order to catch or achieve it
The police decided to … the suspect on foot.
To pursue
The police decided to pursue the suspect on foot.
(phrase) to do your part or contribute to a collective effort or cause
Everyone is encouraged to … for the environment by recycling.
To do your bit for something
Everyone is encouraged to do their bit for the environment by recycling.
(noun) a person who believes that people are motivated purely by self-interest rather than acting for honorable or unselfish reasons
As a …, he doubted the sincerity of their charitable actions.
Cynic
As a cynic, he doubted the sincerity of their charitable actions.
(noun) documents or qualifications that prove a person’s identity or competence
He presented his … to the hiring committee.
Credentials
He presented his credentials to the hiring committee.
(verb) to give someone the right to have or do something
The new policy will … employees to extra vacation days.
To entitle someone
The new policy will entitle employees to extra vacation days.
(verb phrase) to spend time in a relaxed or lazy manner, doing very little or nothing
On weekends, I like to … the house and watch movies.
To laze around
On weekends, I like to laze around the house and watch movies.
(noun) the relationship between comrades or friends who share a common goal or experience
The soldiers developed a strong sense of … during their time in the field.
Comradeship
The soldiers developed a strong sense of comradeship during their time in the field.
(phrase) a saying that means everyone has different preferences or tastes
Some people love classical music, while others prefer rock; it’s truly a case of ….
Each to his own
Some people love classical music, while others prefer rock; it’s truly a case of each to his own.
(adjective) having a wide range or extent; comprehensive
The report made sweeping changes to the company’s policies. кардинальний
Sweeping
The report made sweeping changes to the company’s policies.
(noun) the art or practice of garden cultivation and management
She studied … to learn how to grow fruits and vegetables effectively.
Horticulture
She studied horticulture to learn how to grow fruits and vegetables effectively.
(noun) students who are in the same class or educational program as another student
During the group project, I collaborated with my … to complete the assignment.
Fellow students
During the group project, I collaborated with my fellow students to complete the assignment.
(adjective) extremely hot and uncomfortable
The … heat made it difficult to concentrate.
Sweltering
The sweltering heat made it difficult to concentrate.
(noun) a casual term for people or a group of individuals, often used informally.
The … at the party were very welcoming.
Folks
The folks at the party were very welcoming.
(phrase) used to indicate a realization or reflection about something that has been previously considered or overlooked
I wasn’t sure about the plan, but …, it might actually work.
Come to think of it
I wasn’t sure about the plan, but come to think of it, it might actually work.
(noun) areas of soil or earth that are not covered by vegetation or other materials.
The garden had several … where nothing was growing.
Bare bits of ground
The garden had several bare bits of ground where nothing was growing.
(verb) to put forward an argument that opposes or challenges another argument
In the debate, she decided to … to his claims about climate change.
To present a counter-argument
In the debate, she decided to present a counter-argument to his claims about climate change.
(verb phrase) to suddenly think of something or someone
When I heard her name, several memories ….
Spring to mind
When I heard her name, several memories sprang to mind.
(verb) to make something more definite or certain
The teacher asked us to … our understanding of the topic by reviewing the material.
Solidify your understanding
The teacher asked us to solidify our understanding of the topic by reviewing the material.
(adverb) indicates that something has not happened up to the present moment but may happen in the future
I haven’t finished my homework ….
Just yet
I haven’t finished my homework just yet.
(noun) a person or entity that captures or takes control of someone or something.
The soldier acted as a … during the hostage situation.
Captor
The soldier acted as a captor during the hostage situation.
(noun) a methodical approach to finding a solution by checking all possible options or paths.
The team used an … to ensure they considered every possible outcome in the experiment.
Exhaustive search
The team used an exhaustive search to ensure they considered every possible outcome in the experiment.
(verb) to fail to notice or consider something
He … the small details in the report.
To overlook the park
He overlooked the small details in the report.
(verb) to have knowledge about or be aware of specific topics or issues
She stays updated to … in the matters of technology.
To be informed in the matters
She stays updated to be informed in the matters of technology.
(verb) to depart immediately or without delay
When the fire alarm rang, everyone was instructed to ….
To leave at once
When the fire alarm rang, everyone was instructed to leave at once.
(verb) to communicate verbally in a simultaneous manner
During the meeting, they …, making it hard to understand anyone.
They talked at once
During the meeting, they talked at once, making it hard to understand anyone.
(phrase) possessing both physical attractiveness and intelligence simultaneously
She is admired for her ability to be …, excelling in both her career and her social life.
To be at once beautiful and smart
She is admired for her ability to be at once beautiful and smart, excelling in both her career and her social life.
(verb) to negotiate an agreement or deal between parties
They decided to … on the price of the car.
To strike a bargain
They decided to strike a bargain on the price of the car.
(verb phrase) to purchase an item at a price that is lower than its usual value
She decided … at the clearance sale.
To buy a bargain
She decided to buy a bargain at the clearance sale.
(verb) to assert or continue to hold a belief or opinion
She … that her decision was the right one.
To maintain that
She maintained that her decision was the right one.
(phrase) refers to a specific instance or event that stands out in memory
On one occasion, I remember getting lost in the city and finding my way back with the help of a stranger.
On one occasion I remember…
On one occasion, I remember getting lost in the city and finding my way back with the help of a stranger.
(idiom) to annoy or irritate someone to the point of extreme frustration
The constant noise from the construction site … her <b>to distraction</b>.
Drive someone to distraction
The constant noise from the construction site drove her <b>to distraction</b>.
(noun) the lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something.
His … of the law led to serious consequences.
Ignorance
His ignorance of the law led to serious consequences.
(verb phrase) to exploit a situation or person for personal gain, often unethically or unfairly
He took advantage of her kindness by asking for favors constantly.
Take advantage of something (in a bad manner)
He took advantage of her kindness by asking for favors constantly.
(verb) to recognize the significance or value of something
I … the effort you put into this project.
To appreciate what something means
I appreciate the effort you put into this project.
(verb) to refuse to accept or acknowledge something as valid or true
The government … результати виборів.
Не визнавати (To not recognize)
The government не визнавала результати виборів.
(verb) to talk with pride about one’s achievements or possessions
He loves to … about his new car.
To boast about something
He loves to boast about his new car.
(verb) to possess or have something that is impressive or notable
The city … a rich history.
The town boasts two cinemas
The city boasts a rich history.
(idiom) to do something that is likely to cause problems or difficulties
By ignoring the safety rules, he is really ….
To ask for trouble
By ignoring the safety rules, he is really asking for trouble.
(adverb) in total; when everything is considered
Altogether, we spent three hours on the project.
Altogether (Загалом)
Altogether, we spent three hours on the project.
(noun) a trip or excursion taken during the day for enjoyment or leisure.
We planned a … to the beach.
Day’s outing
We planned a day’s outing to the beach.
(verb) to express disapproval or disappointment towards someone for their actions or behavior
She … him for being late to the meeting.
To reproach someone
She reproached him for being late to the meeting.
(noun) the process by which a seed develops into a new plant.
The … of the seeds took place after a week of watering.
Germination
The germination of the seeds took place after a week of watering.
(noun) individual items or examples collected for study or display, often in a scientific context
The museum displayed rare botanical … from around the world.
Specimens
The museum displayed rare botanical specimens from around the world.
(verb phrase) to leave a place to go somewhere, usually for a specific purpose
We decided to … the wilderness for the weekend.
To head out into
We decided to head out into the wilderness for the weekend.
(verb) to look like or be similar to someone or something
She … her mother in both appearance and personality.
To resemble
She resembles her mother in both appearance and personality.
(verb phrase) to release or emit a smell or fragrance into the air
The flowers … of spring.
To give off the scent
The flowers give off the scent of spring.
(adjective) bright crimson refers to a vivid, deep red color with a slight bluish tone.
The artist used a … to make the flowers stand out in the painting.
Bright crimson
The artist used a bright crimson to make the flowers stand out in the painting.
чагарник (noun) a type of vegetation characterized by the dominance of shrubs and small trees, typically found in areas with a dry climate.
The wildlife thrives in the … of the desert region.
Shrubland
The wildlife thrives in the shrubland of the desert region.
(noun) a diverse and abundant collection of items, often referring to a variety of types or categories of things
The museum displayed a … of ancient artifacts.
Rich array
The museum displayed a rich array of ancient artifacts.
(noun) a position or place that provides a good view or perspective of something.
From her … on the hill, she could see the entire valley.
Vantage point
From her vantage point on the hill, she could see the entire valley.
(noun) a journalist who writes regularly for a publication, often providing opinions or commentary on specific topics.
The … wrote an insightful piece about climate change.
Columnist
The columnist wrote an insightful piece about climate change.
(verb) to create a reputation or recognition for oneself in a particular field or among the public
She worked hard to … for herself in the music industry.
Make a name (to become famous)
She worked hard to make a name for herself in the music industry.
відносно (adverb) in relation or comparison to something else
The task is relatively easy compared to the last one.
Relatively
The task is relatively easy compared to the last one.
(noun) a person who is new to a particular activity, especially in a military context
As a …, he had to undergo basic training before joining the unit.
To be a raw recruit
As a raw recruit, he had to undergo basic training before joining the unit.
(verb) to assemble or create something from various pieces or sources
He had to … the story together from different interviews.
To cobble the story together
He had to cobble the story together from different interviews.
(noun) a moment when a significant change occurs, marking a decisive point in a situation.
The signing of the peace treaty was a … in the war.
A turning point
The signing of the peace treaty was a turning point in the war.
(adjective) having or showing sharp powers of judgment; astute
Her … analysis of the market trends helped the company thrive.
Shrewd career move
Her shrewd analysis of the market trends helped the company thrive.
(verb) to change something drastically or fundamentally
The invention of the internet has … the way we communicate.
Revolutionize the way
The invention of the internet has revolutionized the way we communicate.
(verb) to follow the development or movement of something over time
We need to … the progress of the project to ensure it stays on schedule.
Track the progress
We need to track the progress of the project to ensure it stays on schedule.
(noun) excessive dependence on technological tools or systems
His … made him struggle with basic tasks without his devices.
Over-reliance on technology
His over-reliance on technology made him struggle with basic tasks without his devices.
(noun) issues related to the protection of personal information and the right to keep it confidential.
Many users have … about how their data is collected online.
Privacy concerns
Many users have privacy concerns about how their data is collected online.
(phrase) the arrival or beginning of a significant event or development
With the … of the internet, communication has changed dramatically.
With the advent of something
With the advent of the internet, communication has changed dramatically.
(phrase) in a relaxed and secure environment of one’s own residence
You can enjoy a movie ….
From the comfort of your home
You can enjoy a movie from the comfort of your home.
(verb) to make an action or process easier or more achievable
The new software was designed to … communication between team members.
To facilitate
The new software was designed to facilitate communication between team members.
(verb) to present an obstacle or difficulty that requires effort to overcome
The new project will … to the team’s skills.
To pose a challenge
The new project will pose a challenge to the team’s skills.
(verb) to deal with or discuss a particular issue or problem
The committee will … the concerns raised by the community.
Something must be addressed to ensure
The committee will address the concerns raised by the community.
(verb) to deal with or handle a situation or problem
We need to … the issue of climate change urgently.
Need to be tackled
We need to tackle the issue of climate change urgently.
(phrase) an expression used to indicate the beginning of a discussion or explanation
…, we need to establish a budget for the project.
To start off with
To start off with, we need to establish a budget for the project.
(noun) a psychological pattern in which an individual doubts their accomplishments and has a persistent fear of being exposed as a ‘fraud’
Despite her numerous awards, she suffers from … and feels she doesn’t deserve her success.
Imposter syndrome
Despite her numerous awards, she suffers from imposter syndrome and feels she doesn’t deserve her success.
(verb phrase) to receive criticism or negative feedback for something
The politician…. for his controversial comments.
Take a bit of flack
The politician took a bit of flack for his controversial comments.
(noun) the human soul, mind, or spirit
The study of the…. helps us understand human behavior.
Psyche
The study of the psyche helps us understand human behavior.
(noun) the state of being a slave; the condition in which one human being is owned by another.
Slavery was a brutal institution that dehumanized millions of people.
Slavery
Slavery was a brutal institution that dehumanized millions of people.
кидання спису (noun) an athlete who excels in throwing a javelin, a spear-like object used in track and field competitions.
The javelin champion set a new national record during the tournament.
Javelin champion
The javelin champion set a new national record during the tournament.
(noun) the peak or highest level of public recognition and success
After winning the Oscar, she reached the ….
Height of fame
After winning the Oscar, she reached the height of fame.
(verb) to marry or enter into a marital relationship with someone
They decided to … in a small ceremony.
To wed
They decided to wid in a small ceremony.
(noun) a type of aircraft in which the cockpit is exposed to the open air, without a covering or canopy.
The vintage … offered a thrilling flying experience with no barriers between the pilot and the sky.
Open-cockpit plane
The vintage open-cockpit plane offered a thrilling flying experience with no barriers between the pilot and the sky.
(verb phrase) to be publicly praised or acclaimed for something
The scientist was … a pioneer in renewable energy.
To be hailed as
The scientist was hailed as a pioneer in renewable energy.
(verb) to experience an unexpected event causing harm or injury
He … an accident while riding his bike.
To suffer an accident
He suffered an accident while riding his bike.
(adjective) referring to an unspecified but large number of times, often implying annoyance or frustration
I’ve told you for the umpteenth time to clean your room.
Umpteenth time
I’ve told you for the umpteenth time to clean your room.
(noun) a clear, salty liquid produced by glands in the skin, typically as a result of heat or exertion
After running, he wiped the … from his forehead.
Sweat
After running, he wiped the sweat from his forehead.
(noun) intense feelings or strong emotional responses.
He was moved to tears by the sheer emotion of the performance.
Sheer emotion
He was moved to tears by the sheer emotion of the performance.
(phrase) to avoid being dull or uninteresting
She always tries to dress in a way that makes her ….
To be anything but boring
She always tries to dress in a way that makes her anything but boring.
(noun) a fierce or destructive attack
The city faced an … of enemy troops during the battle.
Onslaught
The city faced an onslaught of enemy troops during the battle.
(phrase) a situation where a transaction or agreement is very favorable or advantageous.
I got a good deal on my new car, saving thousands of dollars.
Good deal = much more
I got a good deal on my new car, saving thousands of dollars.
(adverb) continuing in the same way or at the same rate
The project will proceed … as planned.
So on
The project will proceed so on as planned.
(adjective) involving strong disagreement or rivalry
The election was a … event with many candidates vying for votes.
Hotly contested competition
The election was a hotly contested event with many candidates vying for votes.
(verb) to take someone away illegally by force or deception
The child was … from the playground.
Abducted
The child was abducted from the playground.
(verb) to take action against unfair treatment based on characteristics such as race, gender, or age
Organizations work to … discrimination in the workplace.
Combat discrimination
Organizations work to combat discrimination in the workplace.
(noun) an inner sense that guides a person’s moral choices and feelings of right and wrong
His … told him it was wrong to cheat on the test.
Conscience
His conscience told him it was wrong to cheat on the test.
(noun) an increase in the intensity or seriousness of a situation
The … of tensions between the two countries led to a military standoff.
Escalation
The escalation of tensions between the two countries led to a military standoff.
(noun) the methods or processes available within the legal system to achieve a particular outcome or resolve a dispute.
There are several … to challenge the decision in court.
Legal pathways
There are several legal pathways to challenge the decision in court.
(noun) the practice of denying services, typically financial, to residents of certain areas based on racial or ethnic composition.
Redlining historically prevented Black families from obtaining mortgages in many neighborhoods.
Redlining
Redlining historically prevented Black families from obtaining mortgages in many neighborhoods.
(noun) the fundamental reasons or underlying factors that lead to a problem or situation
Identifying the … of poverty is essential for effective policy-making.
Root causes
Identifying the root causes of poverty is essential for effective policy-making.
(noun) the act of stopping something temporarily
The school announced a … of classes due to the storm.
Suspension
The school announced a suspension of classes due to the storm.
(phrase) a gesture of kneeling on one knee, often used as a sign of protest or solidarity, particularly in social justice movements.
The players were … before the match to protest against racial injustice.
Taking the knee
The players were taking the knee before the match to protest against racial injustice.
(noun) the process or period of changing from one state or condition to another
The … from childhood to adulthood can be challenging.
Transition
The transition from childhood to adulthood can be challenging.
(verb) to deduce or conclude information from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements
From her smile, I … that she was happy.
To infer
From her smile, I inferred that she was happy.
(verb) to suggest or indicate something indirectly rather than stating it outright
Her tone seemed to … that she was unhappy with the decision.
To imply
Her tone seemed to imply that she was unhappy with the decision.
(adjective) not able to do something or perform a task
He was … of finishing the marathon due to his injury.
Incapable
He was incapable of finishing the marathon due to his injury.
(adjective) no longer being used or no longer in use
The factory has been … since the 1980s.
Disused
The factory has been disused since the 1980s.
(adjective) fulfilling expectations or needs; acceptable or adequate
The meal was … enough for a quick lunch.
Satisfactory
The meal was satisfactory enough for a quick lunch.
(adjective) causing or deserving regret; unfortunate
It was a … mistake that could have been avoided.
Regrettable
It was a regrettable mistake that could have been avoided.
(adjective) having a flaw or imperfection
The product was returned because it was ….
Defective
The product was returned because it was defective.
(adjective) not having enough of a specified quality or ingredient
The diet was … in essential vitamins.
Deficient
The diet was deficient in essential vitamins.
(adjective) relying on someone or something else for support or help
The child is still … on her parents for guidance.
Dependant
The child is still dependent on her parents for guidance.
(adjective) diligent and hard-working; showing a strong work ethic
She is an … student who always completes her assignments on time.
Industrious
She is an industrious student who always completes her assignments on time.
(adverb) to a very great degree; extremely
She was … happy with her exam results.
Exceedingly
She was exceedingly happy with her exam results.
(adjective) having a large population; densely populated
Tokyo is one of the most … cities in the world.
Populous
Tokyo is one of the most populous cities in the world.
(adjective) not guided by or based on good sense or reason
His demands for a raise were deemed … given his recent performance.
Unreasonable (необгрунтований)
His demands for a raise were deemed unreasonable given his recent performance.
(noun) a way of living that involves little or no physical activity, often leading to health issues.
Many office workers face health risks associated with a … due to long hours of sitting.
Sedentary lifestyle
Many office workers face health risks associated with a sedentary lifestyle due to long hours of sitting.
(noun) a method of health care that considers the whole person, including physical, mental, emotional, and social factors, rather than just the symptoms of a disease.
The clinic uses a … by integrating nutrition, exercise, and mental wellness into treatment plans.
Holistic approach to health
The clinic uses a holistic approach to health by integrating nutrition, exercise, and mental wellness into treatment plans.
(noun) a lack of essential nutrients in the diet that the body needs to function properly
Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, a common nutritional deficiency.
Nutritional deficiencies
Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, a common nutritional deficiency.
(verb) to increase or enhance the effectiveness of the body’s defense against infections and diseases
Eating a balanced diet can help … your immune system.
Boost your immune system
Eating a balanced diet can help boost your immune system.
(noun) a form of exercise that alternates between short bursts of intense activity and periods of rest or lower-intensity exercise.
Many athletes use … to improve their speed and endurance.
High-intensity interval training
Many athletes use high-intensity interval training to improve their speed and endurance.
(noun) a state of emotional and psychological health where an individual feels good and functions well in the world.
Practicing mindfulness can significantly improve your ….
Mental well-being
Practicing mindfulness can significantly improve your mental well-being.
(noun) actions taken to stop something undesirable from happening
The government implemented … to reduce the spread of the virus.
Preventative measures
The government implemented preventative measures to reduce the spread of the virus.
(noun) the health of the heart and blood vessels, which is crucial for overall bodily function and disease prevention.
Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining good ….
Cardiovascular health
Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining good cardiovascular health.
(noun) long-lasting health issues that persist over time and often require ongoing management.
Diabetes and heart disease are common … that require regular medical care.
Chronic conditions
Diabetes and heart disease are common chronic conditions that require regular medical care.
(noun) a structured plan or program designed to improve physical fitness and health.
She follows a strict … that includes daily workouts and healthy eating.
Fitness regime
She follows a strict fitness regime that includes daily workouts and healthy eating.
(verb phrase) to advance in one’s career or achieve higher positions within a company or organization
After years of hard work, she finally managed to … to become the CEO.
Climb the corporate ladder
After years of hard work, she finally managed to climb the corporate ladder to become the CEO.
(idiom) to gain an initial opportunity or advantage, especially in a competitive situation
Internships can help you … in the industry.
Get your foot in the door
Internships can help you get your foot in the door in the industry.
(idiom) to do your fair share of work in a group or team
Everyone needs to … on this project to ensure its success.
Pull your weight
Everyone needs to pull their weight on this project to ensure its success.
(idiom) to make a special effort to achieve something or to help someone
She always goes the extra mile to ensure her clients are satisfied.
Go the extra mile
She always goes the extra mile to ensure her clients are satisfied.
(idiom) to start a task or project with enthusiasm and energy, ready to work immediately.
The new employee hit the ground running and quickly became a valuable team member.
Hit the ground running
The new employee hit the ground running and quickly became a valuable team member.
(idiom) to be in control or to make the decisions in a situation
In our team, Sarah always … during projects.
Call the shots
In our team, Sarah always calls the shots during projects.
(adjective) easy and comfortable, often with little work or responsibility
He landed a … job at the tech company, where he barely had to work.
A cushy job
He landed a cushy job at the tech company, where he barely had to work.
(idiom) to work extremely hard, often to the point of exhaustion
She worked her fingers to the bone to support her family.
Work your fingers to the bone
She worked her fingers to the bone to support her family.
(noun) the most important point or conclusion
The …. is that we need to reduce costs to stay profitable.
The bottom line
The bottom line is that we need to reduce costs to stay profitable.
(verb) to buy items that are essential for daily living
She went to the store to … necessities like food and toiletries.
Purchase necessities
She went to the store to purchase necessities like food and toiletries.
(verb phrase) to actively seek out and engage in activities that one loves or finds fulfilling
She decided to … by starting a painting class.
To pursue passions
She decided to pursue her passions by starting a painting class.
(adjective) too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous
The lecture was so … that many students fell asleep.
Tedious
The lecture was so tedious that many students fell asleep.
(noun) a main point or reason that supports a particular position or opinion
One key … in favor of renewable energy is its environmental benefits.
One key argument in favor of
One key argument in favor of renewable energy is its environmental benefits.
(noun) the ability to understand and effectively use various financial skills, including personal financial management, budgeting, and investing.
… is essential for making informed decisions about saving for retirement.
Financial literacy
Financial literacy is essential for making informed decisions about saving for retirement.
(noun) the process of keeping a home in good condition through repairs, cleaning, and upkeep.
Regular ….includes tasks like changing air filters and cleaning gutters.
Home maintenance
Regular home maintenance includes tasks like changing air filters and cleaning gutters.
(noun) the immediate assistance provided to a person suffering from an injury or illness until professional medical help is available
He performed … on the injured hiker before the ambulance arrived.
First aid
He performed first aid on the injured hiker before the ambulance arrived.
(verb) to be exceptionally good at or proficient in a particular skill or activity
She … in mathematics, consistently scoring top marks in her class.
Excel in something
She excels in mathematics, consistently scoring top marks in her class.
(noun) a method of learning that involves active participation and practical engagement rather than passive observation.
The workshop provided a … where students could build their own projects.
Hands-on learning experience
The workshop provided a hands-on learning experience where students could build their own projects.
(noun) the process of starting and running a new business, typically involving risk and innovation.
Her passion for cooking led her to pursue … by opening a restaurant.
Entrepreneurship
Her passion for cooking led her to pursue entrepreneurship by opening a restaurant.
(verb) to load someone or something with a heavy weight or responsibility
The unexpected expenses … the family financially.
To burden
The unexpected expenses burdened the family financially.
(noun) a schedule that is filled with many activities or appointments, leaving little free time.
Her … for the week includes meetings, classes, and social events.
Packed timetable
Her packed timetable for the week includes meetings, classes, and social events.
(noun) things that block one’s way or prevent or hinder progress
The fallen tree was an … on the road.
Obstacles
The fallen tree was an obstacle on the road.
(preposition) next to or in addition to something
She sat … her friend during the movie.
Alongside
She sat alongside her friend during the movie.
(noun) writing materials, especially paper and envelopes
She bought some beautiful … for her letters.
stationery
She bought some beautiful stationery for her letters.
(adjective) not moving or not intended to be moved
The car remained … at the traffic light.
stationary
The car remained stationary at the traffic light.
(adjective) not moving or not intended to be moved
The car remained … at the traffic light.
dissatisfied
The car remained stationary at the traffic light.
(adjective) not moving or not intended to be moved
The car remained … at the traffic light.
stationary
The car remained stationary at the traffic light.
(adjective) extremely valuable or indispensable; having a value that cannot be measured in monetary terms
Her experience in the field was … to the project.
invaluable
Her experience in the field was invaluable to the project.
(adjective) famous or well-known, typically for some bad quality or deed
The … criminal was finally caught by the police.
notorious
The notorious criminal was finally caught by the police.
(adjective) having or showing good sense or judgment
It was a … decision to save money for emergencies.
sensible
It was a sensible decision to save money for emergencies.
(verb) to consist of; to be made up of
The committee … five members.
comprise
The committee comprises five members.
(verb) to catch up with and pass while traveling in the same direction
The car managed to … the truck on the highway.
overtake
The car managed to overtake the truck on the highway.
(adverb) in a way that is intended to be kept secret or private
She shared the information … with her lawyer.
confidentially
She shared the information confidentially with her lawyer.
(noun) the head of a school or organization
The … announced the new policies at the assembly.
principal
The principal announced the new policies at the assembly.
(adjective) characterized by a strong sense of duty and carefulness in work or tasks
She is a … student who always completes her assignments on time.
conscientious
She is a conscientious student who always completes her assignments on time.
(verb) to remove liquid from something
She … the pasta after boiling it.
drained
She drained the pasta after boiling it.
(verb) to think about something carefully and for a long time
She sat quietly, … the meaning of life.
ponder
She sat quietly, pondering the meaning of life.
(noun) land that is uneven, rocky, or difficult to navigate
The hikers struggled to cross the … of the mountain.
rough terrain
The hikers struggled to cross the rough terrain of the mountain.
(noun) land that is not paved or developed, typically used for outdoor activities like hiking, biking, or off-road driving.
The park features several … for mountain biking.
off-road areas
The park features several off-road areas for mountain biking.
(noun) the quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim despite difficulties or obstacles
Her … in studying for the exam paid off when she received a high score.
Perseverance
Her perseverance in studying for the exam paid off when she received a high score.
(noun) the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles
Her ….was evident in her refusal to cheat on the exam.
Integrity
Her integrity was evident in her refusal to cheat on the exam.
(noun) the ability to recover quickly from difficulties or setbacks
Her … after the loss of her job was inspiring.
Resilience
Her resilience after the loss of her job was inspiring.
(noun) the quality of being clever, original, and inventive
Her … in solving the problem impressed everyone.
Ingenuity
Her ingenuity in solving the problem impressed everyone.
(noun) the quality of being open to more than one interpretation; inexactness.
The … of the poem allows for multiple interpretations.
Ambiguity
The ambiguity of the poem allows for multiple interpretations.
(noun) the selfless concern for the well-being of others
Her acts of charity were a testament to her ….
Altruism
Her acts of charity were a testament to her altruism.
(noun) a difficult or unpleasant situation
She faced many … during her career but never gave up.
Adversity
She faced many adversities during her career but never gave up.
(noun) the quality of being determined and persistent in achieving a goal
Her … in pursuing her dreams inspired everyone around her.
Tenacity
Her tenacity in pursuing her dreams inspired everyone around her.
wpaść na pomysł (verb phrase) to suddenly think of or discover a concept or plan
After brainstorming for hours, she finally … for the new marketing campaign.
hit on the idea
After brainstorming for hours, she finally hit on the idea for the new marketing campaign.
(phrase) indicates that something is possible or likely to be expressed or stated.
‘It could be said’ that she is the best candidate for the job.
could be said
‘It could be said’ that she is the best candidate for the job.
(noun) a skilled craftsman who makes furniture and cabinets from wood.
The … crafted a beautiful oak dining table.
cabinetmaker
The cabinetmaker crafted a beautiful oak dining table.
(verb) to include or showcase something as a prominent part
The magazine will … an article on climate change.
to feature
The magazine will feature an article on climate change.
(noun) a person or thing that precedes the coming or development of someone or something else.
The smartphone was a … to the tablet computer.
forerunner
The smartphone was a forerunner to the tablet computer.
(idiom) to be advantageous or beneficial to someone in the future
Her experience in customer service will … when applying for the management position.
to stand somebody in good stead
Her experience in customer service will stand her in good stead when applying for the management position.
(noun) specialized knowledge or skill in a particular area
Her … in computer programming made her an invaluable team member.
expertise
Her expertise in computer programming made her an invaluable team member.
(noun) a place or position, especially one that is occupied or used.
He took his father’s … in the family business.
stead
He took his father’s stead in the family business.
(verb) to disappear suddenly and completely
The magician made the rabbit … from the hat.
vanished
The magician made the rabbit vanish from the hat.
(phrase) specifically; especially
I love fruits, …, strawberries.
in particular
I love fruits, in particular, strawberries.
(noun) the status of being a famous and successful performer or celebrity
After her breakout role in the movie, she quickly rose to ….
stardom
After her breakout role in the movie, she quickly rose to stardom.
(adjective) not appropriate or suitable for a particular purpose or situation
His skills were … for the job he applied for.
unsuited
His skills were unsuited for the job he applied for.
(noun) the status or popularity of being a star, especially in entertainment.
Her rise to … came after her breakout role in the film.
stardom
Her rise to stardom came after her breakout role in the film.
(verb phrase) to finally do something that you have intended to do for a long time
I finally … cleaning the garage after weeks of procrastination.
get round to do something
I finally got round to cleaning the garage after weeks of procrastination.
(verb) to attract someone’s attention or curiosity towards a particular subject or activity
The teacher used exciting experiments to … the students … in science.
to get somebody interested in something
The teacher used exciting experiments to get the students … in science.
Something that will happen very quickly.
Matter of minutes/hours/years
“It was a matter of minutes before the paramedics arrived at the scene.”
(verb phrase) to have an intense desire or need to accomplish a task or goal, often due to urgency or a sense of hopelessness.
She was … her project before the deadline.
to be desperate to do something
She was desperate to finish her project before the deadline.
(verb) to stop someone from doing or having something
The teacher … the students from using their phones in class.
to prevent somebody from something
The teacher prevented the students from using their phones in class.
(idiom) to change one’s opinion or feelings about something, often from negative to positive
After thinking it over, she had a … and decided to accept the job offer.
to have a change of heart
After thinking it over, she had a change of heart and decided to accept the job offer.
(phrase) an expression used to indicate a quantity that is close to, but not quite equal to, another quantity
She earns … her brother does.
nearly as much as
She earns nearly as much as her brother does.
(verb) to completely destroy a building or structure
The old factory was … to make way for new apartments.
demolish
The old factory was demolished to make way for new apartments.
(phrase) the greatest or maximum level reached at any time
The temperature recorded yesterday was … in this region.
the highest it has ever been
The temperature recorded yesterday was the highest it has ever been in this region.
(phrase) despite not having something or having insufficient resources
…. experience, she performed well in the interview.
in spite of a lack
In spite of a lack of experience, she performed well in the interview.
(noun) a statement or event that indicates a potential danger or risk associated with cycling.
The … regarding the dangers of cycling highlights the need for safety gear.
warning regarding the dangers of cycling
The warning regarding the dangers of cycling highlights the need for safety gear.
джмелі (noun) a type of large, hairy bee known for its loud buzzing and ability to pollinate flowers.
….. are essential for pollinating many wildflowers.
bumble bees
Bumble bees are essential for pollinating many wildflowers.
(verb) to provide assistance or endorsement to a particular opinion or belief
She decided to … to the environmental initiative.
to lend your support to a view
She decided to lend her support to the environmental initiative.
(phrase) acting or speaking for someone else
She accepted the award … her late father.
On behalf of
She accepted the award on behalf of her late father.
(phrase) having responsibility for something or someone
She is … the marketing department.
In charge of
She is in charge of the marketing department.
(prepositional phrase) after something has happened, especially as a result of it
…. the storm, many homes were damaged.
In the wake of
In the wake of the storm, many homes were damaged.
(phrase) as a result of; by reason of
He was promoted … his hard work and dedication.
By virtue of
He was promoted by virtue of his hard work and dedication.
(prepositional phrase) in relation to; concerning
….. your question, I will need more information.
With regard to
With regard to your question, I will need more information.
(phrase) in disagreement or conflict with someone or something
The two leaders were … each other over the new policy.
At odds with
The two leaders were at odds with each other over the new policy.
(prepositional phrase) considering or taking into account the circumstances or facts of a situation.
…. the recent events, we have decided to postpone the meeting.
In light of
In light of the recent events, we have decided to postpone the meeting.
(phrase) for the purpose of; in the interest of
She stayed late at work … completing the project on time.
For the sake of
She stayed late at work for the sake of completing the project on time.
(phrase) very close to experiencing something, especially something important or negative
She was … tears after hearing the news.
On the verge of
She was on the verge of tears after hearing the news.
(phrase) appearing to be something that is not; pretending to be something else
He operated … a charity while actually scamming people.
Under the guise of
He operated under the guise of a charity while actually scamming people.
(phrase) finally; after a long time or delay
After hours of waiting, we … received the news.
at last
After hours of waiting, we at last received the news.
(preposition) in addition to; apart from
…. studying, she also works part-time.
besides
Besides studying, she also works part-time.
(adjective) not firmly held in place; free or released from attachment
The screw was …, causing the door to sag.
loose
The screw was loose, causing the door to sag.
(adverb) at the current time; now
She is … working on a new project.
presently
She is presently working on a new project.
(adjective) stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt
The instructions were … and easy to follow.
explicit
The instructions were explicit and easy to follow.
(adjective) suggested or understood without being directly stated
Her silence was an … agreement to the plan.
implicit
Her silence was an implicit agreement to the plan.
(adjective) having an obligation to do something or having control over someone or something
The manager is … the director for the project’s success.
responsible to
The manager is responsible to the director for the project’s success.
(adjective) large enough to be noticed or measured
There was an … difference in temperature after the storm.
appreciable
There was an appreciable difference in temperature after the storm.
(adjective) feeling or showing gratitude or pleasure
He gave her an … smile for her help.
appreciative
He gave her an appreciative smile for her help.
(adjective) having no personal involvement or bias in a situation; impartial
The judge remained … throughout the trial.
disinterested
The judge remained disinterested throughout the trial.
(adjective) having no interest or concern about something
He seemed … in the movie and fell asleep.
uninterested
He seemed uninterested in the movie and fell asleep.
(noun) a lawyer who gives legal advice and represents clients in legal matters.
She hired a … to help with her divorce proceedings.
solicitor
She hired a solicitor to help with her divorce proceedings.
(noun) the legal right to take care of a child after a divorce or separation
“After the divorce, she was awarded sole … of the children.”
custody
“After the divorce, she was awarded sole custody of the children.”
(verb) to keep someone in a place, especially in a police station, and prevent them from leaving
“The suspect was … for questioning by the police.”
detained
“The suspect was detained for questioning by the police.”
(noun) substances that undergo a rapid chemical reaction, producing gas and heat, often resulting in an explosion.
“The military uses various types of … for demolition purposes.”
explosives
“The military uses various types of explosives for demolition purposes.”
(verb) to give evidence as a witness in a law court
“The witness … about what he saw on the night of the crime.”
testify
“The witness testified about what he saw on the night of the crime.”
(verb) to become progressively worse
“His health began to … after the accident.”
to deteriorate
“His health began to deteriorate after the accident.”
(phrase) in a situation where something important may be lost or gained
“With the championship title at …, the players were more focused than ever.”
at stake
“With the championship title at stake, the players were more focused than ever.”
(noun) the right of a state to defend its territory against invasion or control by foreign powers
“The country emphasized the importance of maintaining its … in international discussions.”
territorial integrity
“The country emphasized the importance of maintaining its territorial integrity in international discussions.”
(adjective) deceitful or misleading in behavior or speech
“His … actions led to a breach of trust.”
duplicitous
“His duplicitous actions led to a breach of trust.”
(adjective) involving two groups or countries
“The two nations signed a … trade agreement.”
bilateral
“The two nations signed a bilateral trade agreement.”
