C1 NEW FROM JANUARY Flashcards
Unruly, noisy, or disorderly behavior, often involving a group of people.
Rowdiness
“The teacher struggled to control the rowdiness in the classroom after the announcement of the holiday.”
Noisy and disorderly; unruly behavior.
Rowdy
The rowdy crowd at the concert was difficult to control.”
To place the responsibility or duty on someone.
Assign responsibility, make accountable.
Put the onus on somebody
The teacher put the onus on students to complete the project independently.”
It takes advantage of or utilizes one’s best abilities or skills.
It plays to my strengths
Public speaking plays to my strengths as a confident communicator.”
To notice, understand, or become aware of something subtle.
Detect, catch, perceive.
Pick up on it
He didn’t say he was upset, but I picked up on it from his tone.”
To move away or deviate from a path, idea, or norm.
Deviate, separate, branch off.
Diverge from
Her views diverge from the traditional beliefs of her family.
To speak or perform without preparation.
Improvise, extemporize.
To ad-lib
When the microphone stopped working, she had to ad-lib her speech.”
To maintain the same pace or level as someone or something.
Stay at the same level, match pace, maintain.
Keep up
He struggled to keep up with the advanced class discussions.”
Producing a great deal of profit.
Profitable, money-making, rewarding.
Lucrative
She quit her job to start a lucrative business in real estate.”
A difficult audience to please or entertain.
Hard-to-please audience.
Tough crowd
The comedian had a tough crowd but eventually won them over.”
To become intoxicated by drinking a lot of alcohol. (Informal)
Get drunk, get wasted.
Get boozed up
They got boozed up at the party and missed the last train home.”
A reliable and consistent flow of money, usually from a job or regular source.
Stable earnings, consistent salary, regular income.
Steady Income
He chose a career in teaching for the steady income and job security.
The degree, scope, or range to which something happens or is true.
Range, degree, scope, magnitude.
Extent
She was surprised by the extent of his knowledge on the subject.”
To attract a lot of notice or focus from others.
Attract attention, draw notice, become the focus.
Gain significant attention
Her innovative project gained significant attention at the conference.”
To find a point where two or more things are in a perfect proportion or harmony.
Find equilibrium, maintain harmony, achieve balance.
Strike the right balance
As a manager, it’s important to strike the right balance between being friendly and maintaining authority.”
People who have a variety of skills, knowledge, and experiences, not focused on just one area.
Versatile, multi-talented, balanced.
Well-rounded individuals
The university aims to produce well-rounded individuals who are prepared for various challenges.”
Absolutely necessary; essential.
Essential, crucial, vital, necessary.
Indispensable
The support of her team was indispensable to the success of the project.”
To provide with the necessary tools, skills, or knowledge for a particular purpose.
Provide, prepare, supply, furnish.
To equip
The program aims to equip students with the skills needed for a successful career.”
To develop or improve something through effort or care.
Develop, nurture, grow, foster.
Cultivate
They work to cultivate strong relationships with their clients.”
A teaching method in which students learn by actively working on projects that involve problem-solving, creativity, and practical application.
Project-based learning
“Project-based learning helps students develop critical thinking and collaboration skills.”
Synonyms: Hands-on learning, experiential learning.
To care for and encourage the growth or development of something.
Imprint, ingrain, embed.
Nurture
Teachers play a crucial role in nurturing young minds.”
To direct one’s efforts toward achieving something specific.
Strive, intend, target.
To aim
The charity aims to provide education for children in remote areas.”
Having a strong effect or influence.
Powerful, influential, significant.
Impactful
Her speech was impactful and inspired the audience to take action.”
People who have the skills, knowledge, or ability to accomplish tasks effectively.
Competent, skilled, qualified.
Capable individuals
We need capable individuals who can lead the project to success.”
To dominate or appear more important than something else.
Diminish, eclipse, outshine.
Overshadow
His achievements overshadowed the contributions of his colleagues.”
A state of agreement or balance between two or more elements, where all parts work well together.
Balanced harmony, peaceful equilibrium, smooth balance.
Harmonious balance
The team strives to maintain a harmonious balance between work and personal life.”
To think of or create an answer or way to solve a problem.
Devise a solution, solve, figure out.
Come up with a solution
We need to come up with a solution to this issue before the deadline.”
To consider or think about something carefully and thoroughly.
Reflect on, contemplate, deliberate.
To give enough thought to something
Before making a decision, you should give enough thought to all the possible outcomes.”
To reduce in size, amount, or degree.
Decrease
The company aims to decrease its carbon emissions by 20% this year.”
To meet or fulfill what was expected.
Meet expectations, satisfy, live up to.
Come up to expectations
The new product didn’t come up to expectations and was poorly reviewed.”
To dedicate your time and energy to something wholeheartedly.
Dedicate, devote, pledge.
Commit yourself to
“She committed herself to finishing her degree despite the challenges.”
To be unexpected or unanticipated by someone.
Be unexpected, shock, astonish.
Come as a surprise to somebody
Her sudden resignation came as a surprise to everyone in the office.”
To lead to or cause a particular outcome or effect.
: Lead to, cause, bring about.
Result in something
The heavy rain resulted in severe flooding in the area.”
Extremely happy or excited.
Overjoyed, ecstatic, jubilant.
Elated
She was elated when she received the job offer.”
Deeply sad or reflective in a thoughtful way.
Gloomy, somber, wistful.
Melancholic
“He felt melancholic as he looked through old photographs.”
Feeling anxious or fearful about something that might happen.
Nervous, uneasy, hesitant.
Apprehensive
“She was apprehensive about the results of her exam.”
Intensely happy and excited.
Blissful, thrilled, exultant.
Euphoric
Winning the competition left him euphoric for days.”
Feeling angry or bitter about being treated unfairly.
Resentful
She was resentful of her colleague’s promotion.”
Extremely angry.
Infuriated
The unfair decision left the employees infuriated.”
Feeling very confused.
Bewildered
She looked bewildered when asked a complicated question.”
Feeling or expressing great happiness and triumph.
Jubilant
The team was jubilant after their hard-earned victory.”
To become less important or less urgent compared to other tasks or responsibilities.
Take a back seat
Be put on the back burner
Lose importance
Become secondary
Fall towards the bottom of your priorities
“During the busy exam period, socializing fell towards the bottom of her priorities.”
Rarely; not happening often.
Rarely, seldom, sporadically.
Infrequently
“She visits her hometown infrequently due to her busy schedule.”
СТЕЛЯ. SUFIT
Ceiling
sosna
Pine
To reduce the quality, value, or importance of something.
Detract from
The loud noise detracted from the enjoyment of the concert.”
Causing annoyance or dissatisfaction because of obstacles or challenges.
Irritating, exasperating, annoying.
Frustrating
It was frustrating to deal with slow internet during the video call.”
To strengthen or support an idea, object, or behavior.
Reinforce
The teacher used examples to reinforce the concept for her students.”
Designed or intended for a specific purpose or audience.
Aimed at, focused on, tailored for.
Geared towards
The training program is geared towards improving leadership skills.”
Skills, abilities, or knowledge required to perform tasks effectively.
Skills, capabilities, expertise.
Competencies
Developing communication competencies is essential for team leaders.”
The state of being united or working together effectively.
Unity, harmony, togetherness.
Cohesion
Team cohesion is vital for the success of group projects.”
The act of expanding or making something larger, longer, or more inclusive.
Expansion, prolongation, addition.
Extension
The extension of the deadline allowed everyone to finish their work.”
To make something larger or more extensive.
Broaden, enlarge, increase.
To expand
The company plans to expand its operations to new markets.”
Overcoming the most challenging or difficult part of a task or situation
Crossing the hardest point, making progress, overcoming obstacles.
Getting over the hump
Once you get over the hump of the initial setup, the project becomes easier.”
In an extreme or sudden way.
Radically, dramatically, significantly.
Drastically
The new policy drastically changed the way the company operates.”
Happening repeatedly or without interruption.
Constantly, perpetually, incessantly.
Continually
She continually updates her skills to stay relevant in her field.”
Rules that are broad and affect all aspects of a system or situation.
Comprehensive, universal, all-encompassing.
Overarching rules
“The overarching rules of the organization ensure consistency across all departments.”
Without being aware; unintentionally.
Accidentally, inadvertently, unwittingly.
Unknowingly
“He unknowingly left the door unlocked.”
Rules that match or relate to one another in a particular system.
Matching, related, equivalent.
Corresponding rules
“Each department follows corresponding rules that align with the company’s policies.
As a result; therefore.
Thus
She worked hard and thus achieved her goal.”
For that reason; as a result.
Hence, thus, consequently.
Therefore
The experiment failed; therefore, it had to be repeated.”
To increase speed or make something happen faster.
Speed up, hasten, quicken.
Accelerate
The new software is designed to accelerate data processing.”
To keep possession of or continue to have something
Hold onto, preserve, maintain.
.
Retain
It’s important to retain key employees during a company restructure.”
Comparatively easy; not too difficult when judged against other tasks.
Moderate simplicity, effortless in comparison.
Relative ease
He completed the assignment with relative ease.”
Associations or feelings that are favorable or pleasant.
Favorable implications, good associations, uplifting meanings.
Positive connotations
The word ‘home’ has positive connotations of warmth and comfort.”
The path or progression of a person’s career over time.
Career Trajectory
She mapped out her career trajectory to achieve her goal of becoming a CEO.”
Skills that can be used in different jobs or industries.
Transferable Skills
Communication and problem-solving are essential transferable skills in any career.”
The challenging and demanding nature of educational standards.
Academic Rigor
The university is known for its academic rigor and excellence.”
Acquiring new skills (upskilling) or learning skills for a new job (reskilling).
Upskilling and Reskilling
The company offers training programs for employees interested in upskilling or reskilling.”
An advantage that makes someone or something more successful than others.
Competitive Edge
Fluency in multiple languages can give you a competitive edge in the global job market.”
Medical and healthcare services provided to a pregnant woman to ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the unborn child.
Prenatal Care
“Regular prenatal care is essential for monitoring the baby’s development and addressing any potential health concerns.”
Something that is quite clear or easy to understand.
Fairly Obvious
“It was fairly obvious that he was upset, judging by his tone.”
It is your responsibility or decision.
It’s Down to You
“Whether we succeed or not, it’s down to you to make the final call.”
To tie or secure something tightly; to make someone legally or morally obligated.
To Bind
“The contract will bind both parties to the agreed terms.”
To notice or recognize something or someone.
To Spot
“She was able to spot her friend in the crowd easily.”
Thin, pointed weapons or symbols, often used with bows or as directional markers.
Arrows
“The hunter carried a quiver full of arrows.”
To perceive or recognize something, often with difficulty.
Discern
“He could barely discern the outline of the mountain through the fog.”
Impossible to understand.
Incomprehensible
“The instructions were so poorly written, they were almost incomprehensible.”
To be the most important aspect of a situation or decision.
Come Down To
“In the end, it all comes down to how much effort you’re willing to put in.”
The item or position immediately before the last one.
Second-to-Last
“He was the second-to-last person to cross the finish line.”
A person or organization responsible for managing property or assets on behalf of someone else.
Trustee
“The trustee ensured the funds were used for the children’s education.”
Good or acceptable in quality or behavior.
Decent
“He earns a decent salary and lives comfortably.”
The amount of carbon dioxide emissions caused by an individual, organization, or product.
Carbon Footprint
“Reducing your carbon footprint can help combat climate change.”
Energy from natural resources that can be replenished, like solar, wind, and hydro power.
Renewable Energy
Many countries are investing heavily in renewable energy sources.”
Development that meets current needs without compromising the ability of future
Sustainable Development
“Sustainable development is a key goal of environmental policies worldwide.”
The large-scale removal of trees from forests.
Deforestation
“Deforestation contributes significantly to the loss of biodiversity.”
The protection and management of biological diversity to ensure its sustainability.
Biodiversity Conservation
“Efforts in biodiversity conservation are crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems.”
Activities that are not harmful to the environment.
Eco-Friendly Practices
“Using reusable bags is one of the simplest eco-friendly practices.”
Misleading claims by companies about their environmental practices to appear more sustainable.
Greenwashing
“Consumers need to be wary of greenwashing when choosing products.”
Statements or advertisements that intentionally or unintentionally give a false impression or misrepresent the truth.
Misleading Claims
“The company faced backlash for making misleading claims about the environmental benefits of its products.”
To be cautious, alert, or watchful about someone or something that might be harmful or deceptive.
Be cautious of
Be on guard against
Be vigilant about
To Be Wary Of
“Consumers should be wary of deals that seem too good to be true.”
To encounter strong negative reactions or criticism from people, often as a result of a decision, statement, or action.
Face Backlash
To unexpectedly experience or come across something, especially a challenge, difficulty, or situation.
To encounter
“Travelers often encounter language barriers in foreign countries.”
A condition caused by a lack of proper nutrition, resulting from insufficient, excessive, or imbalanced consumption of nutrients.
Malnutrition
“Efforts to combat malnutrition in developing countries focus on providing access to nutritious food.”
A simple and seemingly magical solution to a complex problem.
Silver Bullet
“There’s no silver bullet for solving climate change; it requires a combination of strategies.”
To be mocked, ridiculed, or treated with scorn or contempt.
Be Derided
“The author was derided by critics for her unconventional writing style.”
Introducing new ideas or methods; innovative.
Groundbreaking
The groundbreaking research paved the way for modern treatments.”
Extremely modern and advanced technology or methods.
Cutting-edge
“The company is known for its cutting-edge innovations in renewable energy.”
Decisions or actions that are guided by data analysis.
Data-Driven
“The company adopted a data-driven approach to improve customer satisfaction.”
Technology designed to have a minimal environmental impact.
Sustainable Technology
“Investing in sustainable technology is crucial for combating climate change.”
A major discovery or achievement in science.
Scientific Breakthrough
The vaccine development was hailed as a scientific breakthrough.”
Risks or dangers to computer systems and data from cyber attacks.
Cybersecurity Threats
Cybersecurity threats are becoming more sophisticated every year.”
The gap between those with and without access to modern technology.
Digital Divide
Efforts are being made to bridge the digital divide in rural communities.”
Under investigation or being examined to understand or solve an issue.
Being Looked Into
“The cause of the data breach is currently being looked into by the IT department.”
A narrow road, often in rural or urban areas.
Lane (country lane, city lane)
We took a stroll down the quiet country lane
To overcome embarrassment or shame caused by a past mistake. пережити
Live it down
After that disastrous performance, he wondered if he’d ever live it down.
To stop being involved in something, such as an agreement or activity.
To pull out of / withdraw from
The company decided to pull out of the deal due to financial concerns.”
To strongly demand or emphasize that someone must do something.
Insist on someone doing something
She insists on her children finishing their homework before playing.”
There is a strong probability or chance of something happening.
It’s highly likely
“It’s highly likely that the meeting will be postponed due to bad weather.”
To be about to do something very soon.
Be on the point of
“She was on the point of leaving when the phone rang.”
To express disapproval or opposition to something.
Object to
Many people object to the construction of a new highway through the town.”
Being renovated, repaired, or decorated.
Being done up
Their house is currently being done up, so they’re staying with friends.”
To attribute something to a particular cause.
To be put down to
Her success can be put down to hard work and determination.”
To be addressed in a condescending or patronizing manner.
To be spoken down to
He felt insulted when his manager spoke down to him during the meeting.”
To charge someone with a fault or wrongdoing.
Accuse of
The teacher accused him of cheating on the test.”
To be surprised or shocked by something.
Be taken aback by
She was taken aback by his sudden outburst of anger.”
To demonstrate a lack of respect or concern for something.
To show a disregard for
Driving at high speeds in residential areas shows a disregard for safety.”
To hold someone responsible for something that went wrong.
Place the blame on
He tried to place the blame on his colleague for the failed project.”
To recommend that someone not do something.
To advise someone against
The doctor advised her against eating too much sugar.”
Something or someone that has great potential or value but is imperfect or has shortcomings.
Flawed diamond
He’s like a flawed diamond—brilliant in some areas but unreliable in others.
In an unpredictable or irregular way. різко
Erratically
The car swerved erratically across the road, causing concern among other drivers.”
To retract a statement or promise.
To take back
“He was forced to take back his comments after realizing they were offensive.”
To express stronger opposition or disapproval of one thing compared to another.
Object more to something than
“She objected more to the timing of the meeting than the meeting itself.”
To have a friendly or harmonious relationship with someone.
To be on good terms
Even after their disagreement, they managed to stay on good terms.”
To have the necessary qualities or abilities for something.
To be cut out to be
He’s not cut out to be a teacher; he doesn’t have the patience.”
To proceed as expected or planned.
Go to plan
The event didn’t go to plan because of the unexpected rain.
To end or interrupt something earlier than intended.
To cut short
The referee had to cut short the match due to a player’s injury.”
To refine or improve something, especially a skill.
To hone
“She took extra lessons to hone her painting skills.”
To turn to a particular action or solution, often as a last option.
To resort to
“They had to resort to borrowing money to cover the medical bills.”
To move in a circular path or to center around a particular topic or idea.
To revolve
“The Earth revolves around the Sun.”
“The discussion revolved around the upcoming budget.”
Inflexible or unyielding, either physically or metaphorically.
Rigid
Her rigid schedule leaves no room for spontaneity.”
Polite, respectful, or considerate in manner.
Courteous
The staff were very courteous and made us feel welcome.”
To improve or refresh knowledge of a language.
To brush up on language skills
She’s brushing up on her French before her trip to Paris.”
Exact, accurate, and clearly defined.
Precise
He gave a precise explanation of how the experiment works.”
Offensive or obscene words or language.
Profanities
The movie was criticized for containing too many profanities.”
To connect or arrange ideas, words, or actions in a sequence.
To string these together
“He managed to string these arguments together into a convincing speech.”
It happens quite often; it is relatively frequent.
It’s not uncommon
“It’s not uncommon for students to feel nervous before an exam.”
To yield positive results or benefits in the future.
Will pay off
All your hard work will pay off when you pass the exam.”
To reduce or specify the time needed or available for something.
Narrow the time down
“We need to narrow the time down for the meeting to fit everyone’s schedule.”
To be very easy or effortless.
To be a breeze
The test was a breeze; I finished it in 20 minutes.”
Carefully planned or considered.
Well-thought-out
Her presentation was well-thought-out and impressed the entire team.”
To be useful at a particular moment.
Come in handy
This umbrella will come in handy if it starts raining.”
To correct or fix something.
Rectify
We need to rectify the mistake before submitting the report.”
To successfully complete a task or goal.
Accomplish
“She managed to accomplish all her objectives ahead of schedule.”
To make plans or decisions quickly and spontaneously without much preparation.
To plan on the fly
We didn’t have a set itinerary, so we planned the trip on the fly.”
The specific amount of time assigned or designated for something.
Allotted time
The students were given an allotted time of 30 minutes to complete the test.”
To confirm or emphasize something again.
Reaffirm
The manager wanted to reaffirm his commitment to the project’s success.”
: To make a serious or tense atmosphere more relaxed or cheerful.
Lighten the mood
He told a funny story to lighten the mood during the meeting.”
Cheerful, optimistic, and positive.
Upbeat
Despite the challenges, her attitude remained upbeat throughout the process.”
To fill a period of inactivity or spare time with something productive or useful.
To plug a time gap
He started reading a book to plug the time gap while waiting for the bus.”
Legal rights that protect creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, designs, symbols, names, and images used in commerce.
Intellectual Property Rights
The company filed a lawsuit to defend its intellectual property rights against unauthorized use of its logo.”
Violent or abusive behavior within a household, typically involving the abuse of a spouse or partner.
Domestic Violence
Many organizations work to provide support and protection for victims of domestic violence.”
Permission or agreement for something to happen, given voluntarily by someone with the capacity to decide.
Consent
“Before starting the medical procedure, the doctor ensured she had the patient’s informed consent.”
The incorrect or inappropriate use of something.
Misuse
He was accused of the misuse of power to intimidate his colleagues
A feeling of deep sympathy and concern for someone suffering, coupled with a desire to help.
Compassion
“Her compassion for the homeless inspired her to volunteer at the shelter.”
A joint action or contribution from a group of people to achieve a common goal.
Collective Effort
The project’s success was the result of a collective effort by the entire team.”
Solving climate change requires a collective effort from all nations.”
Extremely happy, excited, or delighted.
Thrilled
She was thrilled to receive an offer from her dream university.”
To openly show your emotions.
Wear your heart on your sleeve
“She wears her heart on her sleeve, so it’s easy to tell when she’s upset.”
To stop yourself from saying something you want to say, often to avoid conflict.
Bite your tongue
I had to bite my tongue when he started criticizing my work.”
To lose your temper suddenly.
Blow a fuse
He blew a fuse when he realized his phone was stolen.”
Feeling happy and cheerful.
In high spirits
“Everyone was in high spirits during the holiday party.”
Very jealous.
Green with envy
I was green with envy when I saw her amazing holiday photos.”
To remain calm and not show emotions, especially in difficult situations.
Keep a stiff upper lip
He kept a stiff upper lip even when he lost everything in the fire.”
To pretend to be happy or okay, even if you’re upset.
Put a brave face on it
She put a brave face on it when she heard the bad news.”
To be eager and ready to listen.
Be all ears
Tell me what happened—I’m all ears!”
To feel like you are about to cry because of strong emotion.
A lump in your throat
“I got a lump in my throat during her farewell speech.”
To deal with or take care of something.
To attend to something
“She had to attend to some urgent work before joining the meeting.”
To reveal or make information known.
To disclose
“The report disclosed sensitive company data.”
To a great extent or degree.
Vastly
“The new policy has vastly improved working conditions.”
Respect or submission to someone else’s judgment or authority.
Deference
He spoke with deference to the experienced professor.”
Treating everyone equally and fairly.
Egalitarian approach
The teacher’s egalitarian approach ensured all students had equal opportunities to participate.”
Being in the same position or having the same opportunities as others.
Equal footing
The new law puts men and women on equal footing in the workplace.
In a severe or unkind manner.
Harshly
“He was harshly criticized for his controversial comments.”
Open, honest, and direct.
Frank
She was frank about her concerns with the project.”
To register or sign up for a class or course.
Enroll in the lesson
He decided to enroll in the advanced math lesson to improve his skills.”
Relevant or suitable for a particular situation.
Applicable
The rules are applicable to all members of the team.”
The ability to remember or keep something.
Retention
“Student retention has improved with the new teaching methods.”
To get something back.
Retrieve
She managed to retrieve her lost files from the computer.”
In a clear and concise manner.
Succinctly
He explained the concept succinctly, making it easy to understand.”
A substance or tool used for writing on blackboards, often metaphorically
Chalks
The old school still relies on chalks and blackboards for teaching.”
Not given enough attention or care.
Neglected
“The garden was neglected and overgrown with weeds.”
In a way that achieves maximum productivity with minimal waste of time or resources.
Efficiently
“The new software allows us to work more efficiently.”
To understand or master something.
Get the hang of something
“It took me a while, but I finally got the hang of using the new software.”
Things that provoke a response or reaction.
Stimuli
“Bright lights and loud noises are common stimuli for infants.”
To a great extent; hugely.
Massively
“The company has massively increased its profits this year.”
To upset or insult someone.
Offend
“I didn’t mean to offend her with my comments.”
A large amount of something.
Heaps of something
“She had heaps of paperwork to finish before the deadline.”
Something that can be touched or felt; real and concrete.
Tangible
The excitement in the room was almost tangible.”
To think something or someone is less capable, important, or large than it actually is.
Underestimate
Don’t underestimate the difficulty of this project.”
To cover someone’s eyes with a piece of cloth or material to block their vision.
Put on a blindfold
“They asked her to put on a blindfold for the surprise.”
Designed to be held and used in the hand.
Hand-held
A hand-held camera was used to film the documentary.”
To calm or slow down the intensity or excitement.
To bring the energy down a few notches
After the heated debate, the moderator tried to bring the energy down a few notches.”
To say something suddenly without thinking, often revealing something unintentionally.
Blurt out the word
“He blurted out the answer before anyone had a chance to think.”
To secure or cover something using tape.
Tape up
The box was carefully taped up before shipping it.”
To relax physically or mentally; to become less rigid or tense.
Loosening up
The yoga session helped me loosen up after a stressful day.”
To create, invent, or plan something carefully.
Devise
They devised a strategy to improve productivity.”
To embrace playful, carefree, or imaginative aspects of yourself.
Unleash your inner child
“The theme park was the perfect place to unleash my inner child.”
To measure, estimate, or judge something, often a reaction or situation.
To gauge
“He tried to gauge the audience’s interest before starting his presentation.”
Short, comedic, or dramatic performances, usually improvised or scripted.
Skits
The students performed hilarious skits during the school talent show.”
To take turns or switch between options.
Alternate
