c1 cognito Flashcards
what is each atom ,made out of
is made out of multiple smaller particles
are protons positive and negative
they are positive
how Many relate mass doe protons have
they have a relative mass of 1
is electrons positive or negative
-1 charge
what is main of an atom are
empty space
when the protons and electrons blacked out what is it
its equal
when atoms lose or gain electrons what do we now call it
an ion
if we have 3 protons and 4 electrons what do we call this
an negative ion we call it 1- negative ion
if we have 2 positive protons and 2 negative electrons
our ion will have a 1 + charge
what is the bottom number called in an element
atomic number which tells us how many protons they are
what is the top number in an element
mass number which tells us the total number of neutrons and protons in that atom
how do we find out how many neutron oxygen has
we will do the mass number minus the atomic number which will be 16 -8 8 neutrons
what are isotopes
isotopes are different forms of the same element she number of protons bur different number of neutrons
dose all isotopes have the same masses
no diffrent isotopes have different masses
have dose abundance mean
how common or rare that isotope is
what is the equation of relative atomic mass
sum of isotopes abundances times isotope mass
divided by the sum of abundance of all the isotopes
find the relative atomic mass of copper
(69.2x 63) + (30.3x65)
divided by
69.2+30.8
= 63.6169
what are molecules
its 2 or more atoms held together by chemical bonds
for example oxygen are 2 peared atoms
can molecules contain 2 different elements
yes they can for example water and hydragaon
what are all the molecule
water carbon dioxide chlorine oxygen
what are compounds
contain 2 or more different elements and held together like chemical bonds
name some element that are compounds and molecules
water and carbon dioxide
compounds are always found in the same
paopoations for example water will be always be found with hydrogen
H2O
what are mixtures
it contain two or more substances not chemically combined together THAT HAVENT REACTED WITH EACH OTHER
how can u separate a mixture
distillation filration
how can we show chemical equations
with a word equation and symbol equations
meathane + oceygen ——- catbon dixide + water
which one is the reactants
one on the left the two start
meathane + oceygen ——- catbon dixide + water
which one is our products
the ones on the right
in balanced equation cane u change any of the small numbers
no you can’t
if we place a solid in a liquid snd it doesn’t dissolve e.g if we put sand in some water what do we have
a mixture between a liquid and an insoluble solid
if we have a liquid and soluble solid (so were the soil dose dissolve ) e.g if we put some sodium chloride salt in water
then what we have is called a solution which the sodium chloride being the solute and the water referred to a solvent
what dose filtration separate
insoluble solid from liquids
can insoluble solid go through a filter paper
no only water liquids
were do we place the filter paper
within a filter funnel
if we have a soluble solid in our liquid and its actually dissolved what do we have
a solution
can u filter a solution out with filtration
no
what will u use instead of filtration to filter a solution solid from a liquid
evaporation or crystallisation
evaporation practical what to do
we place our solution in our evaporation dish which we will place in a tripod then slowly heat it with a bunsen burner this will cause the solvent to star evaporating and the remains solution to get more concentrated after a while crystals will start to form because its so concentrated and after a while all solvents will disappear leaving dry crystals in our solid
what is the benefits of evaporation
that its quick and easy
what are the negatives of evaporation
some solids decompose when heated
crystallisation practical
we star off by heating it up more gently we start by using a water bath instead of a bunsen burner then once some of the solvents has evaporated as u star to see crystals forming in the solution we stop heating and leave it to cool as it cools more crystals will start to form then we have to filter out the crystals using a filter paper and a filter funnel then to dry our crystals
history of the atoms
what order do u add electrons in a shell
top right Bottom and left before you go around again
how many electrons can the 3rd shell hold
8 electrons
if it dosent nt have a full outer shell what do we call it
unable
ho discorde the periodic table
dimiteri Mendeleev
what dose metal do doy
hy===f
