c1 Flashcards
what charge do alpha particles
positive charge
what is the radius of an atom
1x 10 to the power of -10m
what is the radius of the nucleus
1x 10 to the power of -14 m
what does relative charge mean
the charge of one particle compared to another particle
what are the relative charge of protons neutrons and electrons
protons -1
neutrons 0
electrons -1
what are the relative mass of protons neutrons and electrons
protons 1
neutrons 1
electrons very small
what is an element
all the atoms are the same
what is an compound
when you combined two different elements
what do u use if you want to separate a compound back into its element
you have to use a chemical reaction
what is a mixture
when you have different elements and compound but not chemical combined
what can u use to separate a mixture
filtration distillation crystalliisation or chromatography
what does insoluble mean
the solid with not dissolve with the water
what does the s and I mean
solid liquid
filtration
we use a filter funnel and a filter paper start by powering in to the filter paper pass out the tiny pows called filtrate the solid can pass through
crytilasation
sodium chloride solution if we leave if for a few days the water will evaporate and leave the crystals sodium chloride
what dose the aq mean
means that’s its dissolved in water aqueous solution
what can u do to make crytilasation faster
heat it up our solution to evaporate the water
what’s the negative part of heating up crytilasation
chemicals can break down
what if we want to separate a dissolved solid from a liquid but we wank to keep the liquid
we can use simple distillation
simple distillation two steps
first we evaporate the liquid by heating turn the liquid into a vapour nextt we condense the liquid back to a vapour by cooling
simple distillation
first place our solution with the liquid and dissolved solid into the flask the flask is connect to a glass tube the glass tube is surrounded by a jacket called the condenser
what do the condenser keep the simple distillation
keep it cool due to the tap
what happens through simple distillation
we start by heating our solution by using a Bunsen burner the liquid starts to evaporate turning to a vapour the vapour now rise up the glass tube then passes theugh the theoremeter the thermometer reading increases the vapours then passes through the condenser causing the vapour to condense back into a liquid as it passes through the condenser we can collect the liquid in the beaker at the end we left with crystals in flask and liquid in our beaker
is a great deal of energy used for simple distillation
yes hints why its not used for drinking water
what is different between Fractional Distillation and simple distillation
Fractional Distillation has a factionating column
Fractional Distillation equipments
mixture of two liquids different boiling point
factionating column
thermometer
condenser
what happens through factionating column
start y heating our by heating our mixture both of the liquid will start to evaporate the one with the lower boiling point will evaporate for easily
mixture of two different vapour making the way into the factionating column when its reach the factionating column they condense and drip back into the flask where liquid evaporate again the repeated condensation and evaporation increases the amount of lower boiling point in the factionating column then reach the thermometer then the tamp begin to rise then pass through the condenserand turn back to a liquid the liquid is still a mixture of the two chemicals
why would the temperature stop rising in factionating column
it would be the lower of the two boiling points
what happens if the two liquids have very similar boiling points
its much harder to separate might need to carry out seven rounds of it
does physical separation teachques use chemical reactions
no they don’t
how do we work out paper chromatography
we take. pice of chromatography paper and draw a pencil line near the bottom of the paper next we put a dot of our first and second colour on the pencil line then put the bottom of our paper in solvent now makes its way in the paper and dissolves the ink in the 2 coloured dots now the ink is carried up to the paper dissolved in the solvent the one that has more then one colour is a mixture with different colours the one thatches one colour is a pure colour
what is a solvent
a solvent is a liquid that will dissolve substances
what is the paper called in paper in paper chromatography
stationary phase because the paper dose not move
what do we call the solvent in paper chromatography
the mobile phase because the solvent moves
what will a pure compound produce in paper chromatography
a single spot in all solvent
what happens if we draw a starting line in pen in paper chromatography
the pen could dissolve in the solvent and move up the paper
what is the first 3 energy levels that it can hold
- first energy level 2
- second energy level 8
- third energy level 8
what group in the periodic table are elements found with a full outer energy level
group 0
what is group 0 called
noble gasses
what dose group 1 contain
highly reacting metals
what dose group 7 contain
highly reacting non metals
what is the big space In the periodic table called
transition elements
do all the elements in group react in a similar same way
yes due them all have the number of electrons in they outer shell level
what did scientist dohereiners found out
that elements with smaller chemical properties often occur in threes
what did the scientist dohereiners call it when the properties occur in threes
triads
what did newlines find out
that each atom weight and saw that every 8 reacts in a simailar way
what did newline call his method
law of octaves
what did dmitri Mendeleev discover
the first model periodic table
how did dmitri Mendeleev discover the periodic table
he stared by ordering the elements in increasing atomic weight
he would switch the oder of specific elements so they fired the Patton
then realised that some have not been discovered as he left gaps that he through there were missing he was sure it own was correct so he predicted the undiscovered missing properties seven year later the undiscovered properties was published and match if own
the differences of Mendeleev periodic table and the one now
the one now was rearranged in order o atomic mass
Mendeleev ordered in atomic weight
the new one has group 0 noble gasses
was bad about ordering the periodic table in atomic weight
elements can appear in the Wong order due to isotopes
are noble gasses reactive
no they are very unreactive
can atoms react when they a full outer engird level
no they can’t react
in group 0 noble gasses do u all have a full outer engird level
yes which makes them unreactiv e
what temperature do noble gasses have
below room temperature
what are noble gasses at room
gasses
the boil point increases of the noble gasses as the
relative atomic mass increases as we move down group zero
what are most of the elements in there periodic table
metals left and centre
what happens when metals react
they lose electrons to achieve a full outer enter level that gives then a stable group 0 noble gasses
what do metals always form
positive ions
when the atoms can’t cancel out what’s happens
for example lithium has 3+ 3- = overall charge of zero
the lose electron to from a full outer energy level
the makes 3+ -2 = overall charge of 1
do not cancel and left with 1 +
what is group 1 called
alkali metals
all group 1 metas have what
1 electron outer engird level
are group 1 mets hard or soft
soft
group 1 metals react rapidly with
oxygen
as we move down group 1 it reacts more
rapidly
group 1 also react fast with
chlorine
group one reacts rapidly with
water as well as we can see a mass produced and a saline forming
the group one metals gets more react to water
as we move down the group
why do the metals get more reacts as we move down the group
it gets more easily to lose there electron which them more reactive as the radius increases mean there’s a greater distance between the positive nucleus and the negative outer electron as the distance increases the outer electron is less attractive to the positve nucleus ( less acractive to the nucleus as we move down group 1 makes it easier to lose as we move down group 1 the elements get more reactive )
dose sheilding increase as we move down group 1
yes
what is group 7 Called
halogens
is all the elements in group 7 no metals
yes
how many electron do they have in group 7
7 electrons
if we take 2 atoms in a group 7 element what do they do
react with each other they overlap and share pairs of electrons
what are shared pairs of electrons called
covalent bonding
what happens to the melting and boiling point as we move down group 7
they increases
if they boiling points are - in they number
they lower ten room temp
if the melting point is at - and boiling point is at a normal number
liquid at room temp
if they both normal numbers there are
soils
as we move down group 7 the moulcus get
bigger
what dose group 7 form
covalent compounds when they react with other non metal elements
when halogens (group 7) form with metals
they create ionic compounds
when any halogen reacts with a metal the halogen atomic gains
1 electron and form a ion with a - 1 charge
what change of the name when halogens ions
it changes to ice exampke fluoride
reactivity series
lithium chloride and bromine
lithumin higher then brownie in the priodic table brain cannot displace chloride no reaction
