C1

Question 1

Proton:
Relative Mass-
Charge-

Answer 1

1
+1

Question 2

Neutron:
Relative Mass-
Charge-

Answer 2

1
0

Question 3

Electron:
Relative Mass-
Charge-

Answer 3

very small
-1

Question 4

The atomic number tells you…

Answer 4

How many protons there are.

Question 5

The mass number tells you…

Answer 5

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

Question 6

Which number is the mass number?

Answer 6

Top

Question 7

Which number is the Atomic number?

Answer 7

Bottom

Question 8

What is an ion?

Answer 8

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons.

Question 9

What is an element?

Answer 9

An element is a substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus.

Question 10

Relative atomic mass=

Answer 10

sum of (isotope abundance × isotope mass number)
——————————————————————
sum of abundance of all the isotopes

Question 11

What is a compound?

Answer 11

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.

Question 12

Rules about balancing equations:

Answer 12

1) the same number of atoms on both sides.
2)balance it by putting numbers in front when needed.

Question 13

What are mixtures?

Answer 13

A mixture is a material made up of two or more different chemical substances which can be separated by physical method.

Question 14

Practical
(Paper Chromatography)

Answer 14

Method
1) draw a pencil line across the chromatography paper, 1 - 2 cm from the bottom
2) use a pipette or capillary tube to add small spots of each ink to the line on the paper
3) place the paper into a container with a suitable solvent in the bottom
4) allow the solvent to move through the paper, but remove the
chromatogram
before it reaches the top
5) allow the chromatogram to dry, then measure the distance travelled by each spot and by the solvent

Question 15

Practical
(Separation techniques)

Answer 15

Copper sulphate
Filtration is a method for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid. When a mixture of sand and water is filtered:
the sand stays behind in the filter paper (it becomes the residue)
the water passes through the filter paper (it becomes the filtrate)

Evaporation is used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid. For example, copper sulfate is soluble in water – its crystals dissolve in water to form copper

All the water has evaporated, leaving solid crystals behind.

Question 16

What is distillation?

Answer 16

Distillation is a separation technique used to separate liquid from a mixture and keep the liquid part.

Question 17

How does fractional distillation work?

Answer 17

Fractional distillation works because the different liquids have different boiling points.

Question 18

The plum pudding model:

Answer 18

The plum pudding model was the first scientific model of the atom with internal structure. It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.

Question 19

The plum pudding model:

Answer 19

Question 20

Bohr’s Nuclear Model:

Answer 20

The Bohr model postulates that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energy levels. Orbits further from the nucleus exist at higher energy levels. When electrons return to a lower energy level, they emit energy in the form of light.

Question 21

The Orbitals model:

Answer 21

In the Orbital model, the tiny, dense, indivisible, positive nucleus remains, but the surrounding electrons orbit in electron shells that are at fixed distances from the nucleus. The energy of electrons is lower in the shells closer to the nucleus.

Question 22

Modern Atomic Structure

Answer 22

Rutherford subsequently discovered that the positive charge of the nucleus could be divided into equally charged units, which he called protons.

Chadwick then discovered that the additional mass of the nucleus could be divided into equal units with no electrical charge, which he called neutrons.

These two discoveries showed that the nucleus itself was not indivisible, so the accepted model had to change. The subsequent model is the atomic structure that we have previously seen – a central nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons in electron shells

Question 23

Development of the periodic table:

Answer 23

1649 — Hennig Brand discovered Phosphorus.
1829 — Johann Dobereiner discovered the halogen triad and the alkali metal
1862 — The first periodic table was created by A.E.Beguyer de Chancourtois. He assembled the table by transcribing a list of the elements positioned on a cylinder in terms of increasing atomic weight.
1911 — A. van den Broek established that the atomic weight of an element was approximately equal to the charge on an atom. This charge, later termed the atomic number, could be used to number the elements within the periodic table
1940 — Glenn Seaborg discovered plutonium and the transuranic elements from 94 to 102. His findings represented the last (and most recent) changes to the periodic

Question 24

What is group 0 called?

Answer 24

The noble gasses
they all have dull outer shells therefore non reactive

Question 25

What is group 0 called?

Answer 25

The noble gasses
they all have dull outer shells therefore non reactive

Question 26

Group 1 elements:

Answer 26

1)The group 1 elements are all soft, reactive metals with low melting points.
2)They react with water to produce an alkaline metal hydroxide solution and hydrogen.
3)Reactivity increases down the group.
4)Reaction with chlorine produces a salt .

Question 27

Group 7 elements:

Answer 27

-called halogens
-they are all Non-Metals with coloured Vapor’s
As you go down:
-become less reactive (harder to gain and the shells further from the nucleus)
-higher melting point
-higher boiling point
-higher relative atomic masses