C.1 Flashcards
General considerations of antimicrobial therapy. Disinfectants and antiseptics
Ethanol,
Isopropylalcohol,
Chlorhexidine,
Povidone iodine,
Octenidin,
H2O2,
Invert soaps
classification of the disinfectants
Alcohols,
Aldehydes,
Phenols and their derivatives,
Acids,
Halogens and halogen-containing chemicals,
Oxidizing agents,
Surface-active surfactants,
Metals,
other chemicals,
combined active substance disinfectants
Bacteriostatic
a substance that stops bacteria from reproducing, but does not kill the bacteria
Bactericidal
a substance that kills bacteria,
may be concentration dependent (in lower concentrations may be only bacteriostatic)
Sporicidal
Effectively kills bacterial spores
Virucid, fungicidal, paraziticid
used for killing viruses, fungi, parasites
Disinfectant can be
bacteriostatic;
Bactericidal;
Sporicidal;
Virucid,
funcgicidal,
paraziticid
Disinfectants
agents that kill microorganisms in a non-living environment
antiseptics
agents that inhibit bacterial growth both in vitro and in contact with surfaces of living tissues
Ethanol
Dilution: 70%;
MOA: dehydration and denaturation of proteins; Bactericidal, but DOES NOT act on parasites and spores;
Advantage: no material damage effect (no corrosive → metal tools);
Disadvantage: inflammable, explosive, ineffective in low concentrations;
Extra: not used alone, usually used synergistically in combinations
Isopropyl-alcohol
Dilution: 70-80%;
MOA: dehydration and denaturation of proteins; Bactericidal, DOES NOT act on parasites and spores; Advantage: no material damage effect (not corrosive → metal tools);
Disadvantage: inflammable, explosive, ineffective in low cc;
Extra: not used alone, usually used in synergy
Chlorohexidine
Use: disinfectant for skin, for mucosal inflammation; Extra: biguanide derivative, component of creams and soaps, no tissue irritation;
Advantage: minimal absorption from skin, no hypersensitive anaphylactic reaction in the mouth, wide antifungal and antibacterial spectrum, no resistance;
Disadvantage: long-term usage may alter the mouth flora, it may discolor the teeth and the silicate or composite filling (toothwash is needed before usage
Povidone iodine
Use: surgical disinfectant (betadine);
Extra: complex with polyvinylpyrrolidone;
Advantage: monophasic, bactericidal, sporocid, fungicid, virucid;
Disadvantage: cannot be mixed with soap, alkalai solvents, may provoke allergy, irritative for mucosa
Octenidine
Spectrum: active against G+ and G- bacteria;
Use: used as antiseptic prior to medical prodecures; SEs: severe ototoxicity
Invert soaps
Example: Benzalkonium-chloride;
Effect +Use: have disinfectant effect, used for removal of hydrophobic chemicals;
Extra: they are hydrophilic, frequently used in combined disinfectants; Bacteristatic, Bactericidal; Antagonism: Anion active surfactant can antagonize the effect, may form a film on the skin
H2O2
Advantage: wide spectrum, destruct the mortified tissues;
Disadvantage: organic material (blood, pus) attenuates the effect, material destructive, quick disintegration; bacteristatic;
concentration: 0.3-3%;
Use: wound wash, disinfection of mucosa, disinfection of contact lens
Why 70% alcohol
70% alcohol cc is actually better for disinfection. It has more water, which helps it to dissolve more slowly, penetrate cells, and kill bacteria. The disinfection power of rubbing alcohol drops at cc higher than 80-85%
Phenol coefficient
to rate the disinfectant effect of novel chemicals compared to that of phenol
the number indicating the effectiveness of a disinfectant as a germicide relative to phenol, which is arbitrarily assigned the number 1: based on the time required to kill a given quantity of a specific type of bacteria
Types of disinfectants
Disinfectants, Antiseptics
