A.7

Question 1

Cholinergic Postsynaptic stimulation

Answer 1

Direct way: ACh-R agonists (Cholinesters and Alkaloids)
Indirect way: AChE inhibitors (Reversible or irreversible)

Question 2

holinergic Presynaptic inhibition

Answer 2

inhibiting the choline reuptake into the presynaptic neuron by using: hemicholine or resamicole (inhibit VAT), Botulinum toxin can also do it.

Question 3

Presynaptic stimulation

Answer 3

VG K+ channel inhibition using Fampridine

Question 4

Cholinergic transmission and its presynaptic modification

Answer 4

Botulinum Toxin

Question 5

Botulinum Toxin

Answer 5

MOA: Inhibit SNARE proteins fusion;
ROA: direct injection to muscle;
DOA: up to 2-3 months Effect: prevents synaptic exocytosis of ACh from terminals of motor axons→ Flaccid paralysis;
IND: locally in botox, Spasm due to cerebral palsy, MS, Cervical dystonia;
contra-indication: Neuromuscular disease (e.g MG)

Question 6

PSY

Answer 6

Eye: miosis (pupil constriction), ↑secretions
Heart: bradycardia, ↓VC
Lungs: bronchoconstriction and increased secretions
GI: ↑motility, ↑secretions, relaxation of sphincters
Urinary bladder: contraction of detrusor muscle, sphincter relax
salivary glands: ↑secretions
Vessels: SMC contraction, SMC relaxation by NO release
Sweat glands: ↑secretions
CNS: modulation of DA release, mesolimbic DA release, tremor, nausea, cognitive functioning, modulation of pain sensation
Immune system: inhibition of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL1β)
skeletal muscle: contraction

Question 7

control the PSY system

Answer 7

1. presynaptic stimulation
2. presynaptic inhibition
3. postsynaptic stimulation
4. Postsynaptic inhibition