C1 Flashcards
isotopes have ____ number of protons and _____ number of neutrons
same different
relative atomic mass is
average mass taking into account masses and abundance’s of all isotopes
what is a mixture
not chemically bonded substance
what ways was the periodic table sorted
physical and chemical properties
atomic weight
in ____ dimitri mendeleev overcame some problems by placing ___ known elements and arranging them into a ____ of elements
1869
50
table
dimitri left ____ to make sure elements with ____ properties stayed in the same groups
gaps
similar
how is the modern periodic table arranged
increasing proton number
properties of metals
strong malleable conductors of heat + electricity high boil and melt shiny
properties of non metals
dull
brittle
don’t conduct
low density
group 1 properties
soft
low density
1 electron outer shell
what happens as you go down group 1
increasing reactivity, and boiling and melting points
group 7 exist in ___
pairs
what happens as you go down group 7
decreasing reactivity
higher points
what are ions
charged particles when electrons are transferred
what is ionic bonding
transfer of electrons
when atoms lose or gain electrons theyre ___ attracted due to _____ forces
strongly
electrostatic
giant ionic ____
lattice
properties of ionic compounds
strong electrostatic forces
dissolve easily
not conductive
what is the empirical formula
balanced number of atoms in a compound
what is covalent bonding
sharing of electrons
non metals
positive of dot and cross
which atoms electrons come from
negative of dot and cross
don’t show size
arrangement
displayed formula +
how they are connected
displayed formula -
don’t show 3D model
3D model +
arrangement
3D model -
confusing
simple molecular substance properties
strong covalent bonds attraction = weak melt = break intermolecular gas or liquid bigger = stronger forces don’t conduct
what is a polymer
long chains of repeating units
allotrope
different structural forms of the same element in same physical state
name carbon allotropes
diamond
graphite
graphene
fullerene
diamond properties
giant
saturated
needs lots of energy
doesn’t conduct
graphite properties
3 covalent bonds
no bonds between layers
soft and slippery
conducts
graphene properties
hexagonal shapes
2D
strong and light
delocalised electrons
fullerenes are
molecules made of carbon shaped like closed tubes or hollow balls
buckminsterfullerene formula
C60
buckminsterfullerene shapes
20 hexagons
12 pentagons
buckminsterfullerene uses
deliver drug
lubricant
nanotubes
catalysts
nanotube properties
high length : diameter
conduct
tensile strength
light
metallic bonding properties
electrostatic attraction is strong
delocalised electrons
regular structure
what happens when alloys are made
different sized atoms distort layers
mole definition
and amount of substance with avogadros constant number of particles
abogadros constant
6.02 x 10^23
a mole is equal to
Ar or Mr
if mass changes in a reaction
gas involved
ionic bonding is a strong _______ attraction
electrostatic
