C1

Question 1

What is a chemical change?

Answer 1

When the chemical structure is altered and new substances are made. (Particles break up and join together in different ways)
These are usually irreversible.
An example would be rusting, neutralisation creating a salt &water.

Question 2

What is a physical change?

Answer 2

A change which is normally reversible.
The particles stay the same arrangement but movement changes , and no new substances are made.
Some examples are melting particle arrangement from regular to random
, dissolving sugar in water

Question 3

What order of magnitude is the typical radius and bond length of an an atom?

Answer 3

1✖️10^-10

Question 4

Describe the forces and arrangements in a solid

Answer 4

▪️Strong forces of attraction
▪️in a lattice arrangement
▪️vibrate in fixed positions

Question 5

Describe the forces and arrangement in a gas

Answer 5

◾️very weak forces of attraction
◾️constantly move in random motion
◾️do not have a shape or volume , fill container

Question 6

What did John Dalton state about the atom?

Answer 6

🔸solid spheres, different spheres make different elements

Question 7

What did JJ Thompson discover?

Answer 7

🔸Used a cathode ray experiments
🔸discovery of electrons
🔸plum pudding model

Question 8

What did Rutherford discover?

Answer 8

🔸discovery of the nucleus
🔸tiny positively charged nucleus, electrons around
🔸gold foil experiment

Question 9

What was the gold foil experiment

Answer 9

Firing alpha particles ( + charged) at thin gold foil, where surprisingly there was a slight deflection suggesting a positive charge somewhere in the atom

Question 10

What was Bohr’s discover of the atom

Answer 10

🔸shells which orbit the nucleus

Question 11

What is the relative mass of a proton , Neutron & electron

Answer 11

Proton = 1
Neutron = 1
Electron = 0.0005

Question 12

What are molecules?

Answer 12

Two or more atoms, made from any element

Question 13

What is the mass number ?

Answer 13

The number of protons and neutrons .
The larger number found on the bottom

Question 14

What is the atomic number?

Answer 14

The amount of protons in the nucleus
The smaller number at the top

Question 15

What is an ion?

Answer 15

Charged particles that form when An atom loses or gains electrons
( that doesn’t have an equal amount of electrons and protons. )
Therefore giving it an overall charge

Question 16

What is an isotope?

Answer 16

A form of the element which has the same number of protons and electrons but a different amount of neutrons
resulting in a different mass number ——but same atomic number

Question 17

What are the limitations of the particle model, when changing state?

Answer 17

🟢the size of particles
🟢the space between the particles
🟢doesn’t show the forces of attraction between particles

Question 18

Describe the atom

Answer 18

🔴A positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons
🔴nucleus radius is smaller than the atom
🔴most of mass is in nucleus

Question 19

Describe the particle model in the liquid state

Answer 19

🟢Particles are close together

🟢random arrangement
* cannot be compressed because not space for particles to move into

Question 20

Describe the particle model in the solid state

Answer 20

🟣particles are close together

🟣regularly arranged
*cannot be compressed because no space for particles to move into
*cannot flow because particles are in fixed positions and cannot move place to place

Question 21

Describe the particle model in the gas state

Answer 21

🟠particles are spread out
🟠random arrangement

Question 22

Which is larger small molecules or atoms?

Answer 22

Small molecules , as atoms are the smallest unit

Question 23

What are the limitations of the particle model?

Answer 23

🟡doesn’t take into account the force of attraction between particles
🟡size of particles
🟡The space between particles

Question 24

Compare chlorine 35 and chlorine 37

Answer 24

Question 25

Draw dot and cross diagram of carbon dioxide

Answer 25

Question 26

What is the relative charge and mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?

Answer 26

Protons: +1, 1
Neutrons: 0, 1
Electrons : -1, 0.0005