C Unit 2.4 Organic Chemistry Replay Flashcards
What are the 4 types of formulas?
- Molecular formula
- Structural formula
- Displayed formula
- Skeletal formula
Explain molecular formula
Shows atoms and how many of each
Explain structural formula
Shows atoms, how many of each, and how it’s connected
Explain displayed formula
Shows clearly which atoms present, how they arranged and all bonds
Explain skeletal formula
Uses zig-zag lines representing carbon chain
What code name for 1 carbon?
Meth…
What code name for 2 carbons?
Eth…
What code name for 3 carbons?
Prop…
What code name for 4 carbons?
But…
What code name for 5 carbons?
Pent…
What code name for 7 carbons?
Hept…
What code name for 9 carbons?
Non…
Define functional group?
(2-way)
- An atom/group of atoms
- giving rise to a homologous series
Define homologous series?
(3-way)
- Series of organic molecules
- w/ same function group
- e.g. Alkanes n its n° of carbons
What is the molecular formula of a hydroxyl?
OH
What is the molecular formula for amine?
NH2
What consists of the carbonyl group?
- Aldehyde
- Ketone
What is the usual molecular formula for aldehyde?
R=O-H
(Double bond with oxygen but an additional H on the edge)
What is the usual molecular formula for ketone?
R=O
(Double bond but in the middle of the functional group)
What is the molecular formula for carboxyl?
O=C-OH
(The C connected to =O and -OH)
(COOH)
What is the molecular formula for nitrile?
R-C≡N
(That’s what’s important)
If the functional group has a double bond, what the suffix?
ene…
e.g.
Methene
If the functional group has chlorine, what the prefix?
Chloro
e.g.
1-chloro-butane
If the functional group has bromine, what the prefix?
Bromo
e.g.
1-bromo-butane
If the functional group has fluorine, what the prefix?
Fluoro
e.g.
1-fluoro-butane
If the functional group has iodine, what the prefix?
Iodo
e.g.
1-iodo-butane
If the functional group has amine (NH2), what both prefix & suffix?
P: Amino e.g. 1-amino-butane?
S: amine e.g. but-1-amine
If the functional group has hydroxyl (OH), what prefix & suffix?
P: Hydroxy e.g. i dunno
S: ol e.g. butanol
If the functional group has Carbonyl: Aldehyde/Ketone (C=O, double bond), what’s the suffix?
al/one
e.g.
butanal
propone
If the functional group has carboxyl (O=C-OH, mainly has hydroxyl and double bond with oxygen), what’s the suffix?
oic acid
e.g.
Ethanoic acid
If the functional group has nitrile (R-C≡N, ig the main thing is C≡N), what’s both prefix and suffix?
P: Cyano e.g. Cyano-1-Butane?
S: nitrile e.g. Butanol nitrile?
Tho what’s the structure and prefix for Methyl?
CH3, is just methyl
And structure and prefix for Ethyl?
Ch2CH3, is literally just ethyl
Difference between straight chain alkane and branched alkane?
(My “analogy” version, 3-way)
- 1 is literally just… a row
- 1 still same n° of carbons as above but, ig methyl just wanted to be on top/below of a carbon
- Honestly, just chain isomerism ¬.¬
Define alkanes?
(Simple)
Saturated hydrocarbons
Define alkenes?
(2, simple)
- Functional group C=C
- Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Functional group of alcohols?
-OH
4 of the main functional groups of halogenoalkanes?
-F, -Cl, -Br, -I
Functional group of carboxylic acids?
-COOH
General formula for alkane?
CnH2n+2
e.g.
C20H42
General formula for alkene?
CnH2n
e.g.
C25H50
General formula for alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
e.g.
C66H133OH
General formula for halogenoalkane?
CnH2n+1X
e.g.
C66H133F/Cl/Br/I
General formula for carboxylic acid?
CnH2n+1COOH
e.g.
C66H133COOH
Definition for isomers?
fr not playing
Compounds having the same molecular formulae, but different structural formulae - i.e. a different arrangement of atoms in space
What are the 3 different types of isomerism?
- Chain isomerism
- Positional isomerism
- Functional group isomerism
What’s the difference for chain isomerism?
(2 things)
Ya got straight chain
CH3CH2CH2CH3
and ya got branched chain
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
What’s the difference for positional isomerism?
(also 2 things, + 2-way)
- Ya got 1-bromopropane
CH3CH2CH2Br - and ya got 2-bromopropane
CH3CHBrCH3 - Same molecular formula and functional groups
- different arrangement of such
Which functional group can positional isomerism be applied to?
(But…)
Alcohols ig
… but in actuality, it’s rlly any functional group huh?
What’s the difference for functional group isomerism?
(3 things)
- Ya got propanal
CH3CH2COH - and finally propanone
CH3COCH3 - Same molecular formula but different functional groups
What is geometric (E/Z) isomerism take place?
(2-way)
- Atoms joining up in same order
- but different spatial arrangement
(pretty much a form of stereoisomerism… A2 <_<)
Who can exhibit geometric (E/Z) isomerism?
… alkenes (we’re only AS y’all)
What would the E in E/Z isomerism correlate to?
E- entgegen (opposite side)
What would the Z in E/Z isomerism correlate to?
Z - zussamen (zame side)
When would 1,2-dibromoethene have a Z?
during C=C, both Br’s on top of both C’s (vice-versa for H)
(Z) - 1,2 - dibromoethene
When would 1,2-dibromoethene have an E?
during C=C, both Br’s on opposite positions diagonally on both C’s (vice versa for H)
(E) - 1,2 - dibromoethene
So what about E/Z isomerism for some complicated formula like:
1-bromo-2-chloro-1-fluoro-2-iodoethene?
(DRAW IT TOO)
Uhhhhhhhhh, based on atoms with highest atomic mass, which take priority, honestly look at page 16. (<- good idea)
For the 4 main group 7 elements, order them from highest to lowest in terms of atomic mass (highest has more priority)
- Iodine
- Bromine
- Chlorine
- Fluorine
Actually u can just look at the periodic table, they are also arranged in atomic mass too. (pretty obvious n stuff, waste of a flash card?)
Why does b.p increase for longer chains?
(4 step by steps)
Longer chains =
More VDW forces =
More energy needed to overcome forces =
Higher B.P.
What’s the effect of branching on boiling temperatures?
The more branches a molecule has, the lower it’s boiling temperature ig?
U have no idea how useful past paper questions are
I understand…. and I will always understand
