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AS levels Resurrection > C Unit 2.4 Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

C Unit 2.4 Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of formulas?

A
  1. Molecular formula
  2. Structural formula
  3. Displayed formula
  4. Skeletal formula
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2
Q

Explain molecular formula

A

Shows atoms and how many of each

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3
Q

Explain structural formula

A

Shows atoms, how many of each, and how it’s connected

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4
Q

Explain displayed formula

A

Shows clearly which atoms present, how they arranged and all bonds

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5
Q

Explain skeletal formula

A

Uses zig-zag lines representing carbon chain

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6
Q

What code name for 1 carbon?

A

Meth…

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7
Q

What code name for 2 carbons?

A

Eth…

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8
Q

What code name for 3 carbons?

A

Prop…

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9
Q

What code name for 4 carbons?

A

But…

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10
Q

What code name for 5 carbons?

A

Pent…

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11
Q

What code name for 7 carbons?

A

Hept…

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12
Q

What code name for 9 carbons?

A

Non…

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13
Q

What is the molecular formula of a hydroxyl?

A

OH

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14
Q

What is the molecular formula for amine?

A

NH2

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15
Q

What consists of the carbonyl group?

A
  • Aldehyde
  • Ketone
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16
Q

What is the usual molecular formula for aldehyde?

A

R=O-H
(Double bond with oxygen but an additional H on the edge)

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17
Q

What is the usual molecular formula for ketone?

A

R=O
(Double bond but in the middle of the functional group)

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18
Q

What is the molecular formula for carboxyl?

A

O=C-OH
(The C connected to =O and -OH)
(COOH)

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19
Q

What is the molecular formula for nitrile?

A

R-C≡N
(That’s what’s important)

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20
Q

If the functional group has a double bond, what the suffix?

A

ene…

e.g.
Methene

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21
Q

If the functional group has chlorine, what the prefix?

A

Chloro

e.g.
1-chloro-butane

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22
Q

If the functional group has bromine, what the prefix?

A

Bromo

e.g.
1-bromo-butane

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23
Q

If the functional group has fluorine, what the prefix?

A

Fluoro

e.g.
1-fluoro-butane

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24
Q

If the functional group has iodine, what the prefix?

A

Iodo

e.g.
1-iodo-butane

25
If the functional group has amine (NH2), what both prefix & suffix?
P: Amino e.g. 1-amino-butane? S: amine e.g. but-1-amine
26
If the functional group has hydroxyl (OH), what prefix & suffix?
P: Hydroxy e.g. i dunno S: ol e.g. butanol
27
If the functional group has Carbonyl: Aldehyde/Ketone (C=O, double bond), what's the suffix?
al/one e.g. butanal propone
28
If the functional group has carboxyl (O=C-OH, mainly has hydroxyl and double bond with oxygen), what's the suffix?
oic acid e.g. Ethanoic acid
29
If the functional group has nitrile (R-C≡N, ig the main thing is C≡N), what's both prefix and suffix?
P: Cyano e.g. Cyano-1-Butane? S: nitrile e.g. Butanol nitrile?
30
Tho what's the structure and prefix for Methyl?
CH3, is just methyl
31
And structure and prefix for Ethyl?
Ch2CH3, is literally just ethyl
32
One sentence for alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
33
One sentence for alkenes?
Functional group C=C Unsaturated hydrocarbons
34
One sentence for alcohols?
Functional group -OH
35
One sentence for halogenoalkanes?
Functional group -F, -Cl, -Br, -I
36
One sentence for carboxylic acids?
Functional group -COOH
37
General formula for alkane?
CnH2n+2 e.g. C20H42
38
General formula for alkene?
CnH2n e.g. C25H50
39
General formula for alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH e.g. C66H133OH
40
General formula for halogenoalkane?
CnH2n+1X e.g. C66H133F/Cl/Br/I
41
General formula for carboxylic acid?
CnH2n+1COOH e.g. C66H133COOH
42
Definition for isomers? **fr not playing**
**Compounds having the same molecular formulae, but different structural formulae** - i.e. a different arrangement of atoms in space
43
What are the 3 different types of isomerism?
1. Chain isomerism 2. Positional isomerism 3. Functional group isomerism
44
What's the difference for chain isomerism?
Ya got straight chain CH3CH2CH2CH3 and ya got branched chain CH3CH(CH3)CH3
45
What's the difference for positional isomerism?
Ya got 1-bromopropane CH3CH2CH2Br and ya got 2-bromopropane CH3CHBrCH3
46
Which functional group can positional isomerism be applied to?
Alcohols ig
47
What's the difference for functional group isomerism?
Ya got propanal CH3CH2COH and finally propanone CH3COCH3
48
When does geometric (E/Z) isomerism take place?
Atoms joining up in same order but different spatial arrangement
49
What would the E in E/Z isomerism correlate to?
E- entgegen (opposite side)
50
What would the Z in E/Z isomerism correlate to?
Z - zussamen (zame side)
51
When would 1,2-dibromoethene have a **Z**?
during C=C, both Br's on top of both C's (vice-versa for H) (Z) - 1,2 - dibromoethene
52
When would 1,2-dibromoethene have an **E**?
during C=C, both Br's on opposite positions diagonally on both C's (vice versa for H) (E) - 1,2 - dibromoethene
53
So what about E/Z isomerism for some complicated formula like: 1-bromo-2-chloro-1-fluoro-2-iodoethene?
Uhhhhhhhhh, **based on atoms with highest atomic mass, which take priority**, honestly look at page 16.
54
For the 4 main group 7 elements, order them from highest to lowest in terms of atomic mass (highest has more priority)
1. Iodine 2. Bromine 3. Chlorine 4. Fluorine Actually u can just look at the periodic table, they are also arranged in atomic mass too. (pretty obvious n stuff, waste of a flash card?)
55
Why does b.p increase for longer chains?
Longer chains = More VDW forces = More energy needed to overcome forces = Higher B.P.
56
What's the effect of branching on boiling temperatures?
The more branches a molecule has, the lower it's boiling temperature ig?
57
Ye go do past paper, or u can start unit 2.5 if u want
Who knows what he chooses
58
U have no idea how useful past paper questions are
I understand

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