C Introduction to the human brain Flashcards
What does the brainstem control?
breathing and consciousness
What separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?
great longitudinal fissure
What are the peaks in the cerebrum called?
Gyri
What are the grooves in the cerebrum called?
sulci
What is grey matter?
cell bodies
What is white matter?
axons
What are the 2 prominent sulcus of the brain?
- central
2. lateral
What is the post central gyrus involved in?
sensory cortex
What is the pre central gyrus involved in?
motor cortex
What are the 4 lobes of the brain and what is each lobe involved in?
- Frontal lobe
decisions and motor cortex
- Parietal
sensory and memories
- Temporal
hearing and memory
- Occipital
sight
What does the IV ventricle contain?
CSF
What is the diencephalon made up of and what does it contain?
thalamus and hypothalamus
control internal system - hunger and cold
What is the relay system between the brainstem and the spinal cord?
thalamus
What controls the autonomic nervous system?
hypothalamus
What 3 swellings does the neural tube develop into?
- Prosencephalon - Fore brain
- Mesencephalon - Midbrain
- Rhombencephalon - Hindbrain
What are the primary brain vesicles? (3)
- Prosencephalon
- Mesencephalon
- Rhombencephalon
What secondary brain vesicles does the prosencephalon split into? (2)
- telencephalon
2. diencephalon
What does the telencephalon and the diencephalon form in the mature brain?
Telencephalon - cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon - diencephalon
What secondary vesicles are formed from the mesencephalon?
Mesencephalon
What does the mesencephalon form in the mature brain?
midbrain
What secondary brain vesicles are formed from the rhombencephalon?
- metencephalon
2. myelencephalon
What does the met encephalon and mesencephalon form in the mature brain?
Metencephalon - Pons and cerebellum
Myelencephalon - medulla oblongata
At what end do the 5 swellings of the CnS develop from?
rostral end
What is the main venous return of the brain?
superior sagital sinus
What are the 3 dural infoldings?
- falx cerebri
- tentorium cerebelli
- falx cerebelli
Where is the falx cerebri?
between cerebral hemispheres
Where is the tentorium cerebelli?
between occipital lobes and cerebellum
Where is the falx cerebelli?
between cerebellar hemispheres
What are the sinuses involved in the venous drainage of the brain? (6)
- sigmoid sinus
- right transverse sinus
- confluence of sinuses
- straight sinus
- superior sagital sinus
- inferior sagital sinus
What 2 pairs of arteries supply the brain?
- vertebral artery
2. internal carotid
What are the 3 pairs of cerebellar arteries?
Ant, Pst and sup cerebellar arteries
What are the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries?
Ant, post and middle cerebral
What are the important arteries of the ventral brain stem? (9)
- vertebral arteries
- posterior inferior cerebellar artery
- anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- basilar artery
- posterior cerebral artery
- supeiror cerebellar artery
- internal carotid artery
- middle cerebral artery
- anteior cerebral artery
What lobe does the anterior cerebral artery supply and what does stroke in ACA result in?
frontal lobe
opposite leg weakness
What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
frontal lobe
lateral surfaces of temporal and parietal lobes
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
temporal and occipital lobes
What are branches of the middle cerebral artery and what is it commonly associated with?
Lenticulostriate arteries
lacunar stroke - pure motor stroke
