C Head injuries in the first hour Flashcards
What is consciousness?
awareness of self and surroundings
What can rupture in a basal skull fracture? (2)
nasal bone
eardrum
What can lead out in a basal skull fracture?
CSF
Where is CSF found?
subarachnoid space
What is the retina innervated by?
Sensory - CN II
What is the sphincter pupillae innervated by?
Motor - CN III
What does the glasgow coma scale test?
consciousness
lowest = 3 - dead or coma
higheest 15 = fully awake
What is white matter?
bundle of axons
What does consciousness depend on? (2)
- cerebral cortex inetgrity
2. ascendng reticular atcivating system
What raised ICP affect?
cerebral perfusion pressure
What is the equation for cerebral perfusion pressure?
CEREBRAL PERFUSION PRESSURE = MAP - ICP
What accumulations of fluid, blood or tumours do to the pressure in the brain?
Increases it - Raised ICP
What does raised ICP affect? (look at equation)
Cerebral perfusion pressure
What effect does increase ICP have on Cerebral perfusion pressure?
decreases CPP
What is the middle meningeal artery a third branch of?
maxillary artery
How is the middle meningeal artery most commonly injured?
Extradural/epidural haematoma
What is the treatment for extradural haematoma and is the bleeding venous or arterial?
Craniotomy - decompression of haematoma
Venous
What is an extradural haematoma?
trauma causing build up build in dura mater
What is often associated with rights died haemotoma?
pupillary constriction on RHS
Which sided haemotoma is motor response worse?
left sided haemotoma
