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Biology (Unit 1) > C E L L S > Flashcards

C E L L S Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 cell theories?

A
  • All organisms are made up of cells
  • All cells come from pre-existing cells
  • The cell is the smallest living unit of life
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2
Q

What features do Eukaryotic cell have?

A
  • Membrane-bound nucleus
    -Membrane-bound organelles
    Can be unicellular(yeast)or multicellular
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3
Q

Examples of Eukaryotic cells:

A
  • Plant

- Animal

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4
Q

What features do Prokaryotic cell have?

A
  • Lack membrane-bound organelles

Always unicellular

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5
Q

Examples of Prokaryotic cells:

A
  • Monera

- Bacterium (Bacteria)

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6
Q

Cytosol

A

fluid- like substance

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7
Q

Cytoplasm

A

refers to the combination of cytosol and cell organelles (excluding nucleus)
- (more than 90% water & contains ions, salts, enzymes, food molecules, nucleus & organelles)

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8
Q

Plasma Membrane

(cell membrane)

A

boundary between internal cell environment and external environment
(controls movement of substances in and out of cell)

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9
Q

What are the properties of the Plasma Membrane?

A
  • Has double layers of lipids embedded with proteins
  • Proteins form channels to allow substances to pass through
  • The model is known as the fluid-mosaic model
  • Selectively Permeable( allows some ions and molecules to pass through)
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10
Q

Nucleus

A

control center of the cell

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11
Q

What are the properties of the Nucleus?

A
  • Surrounded by nuclear envelope (double layered nuclear membrane) containing pores that communicate with cytoplasm
  • Nuclear pores allow the exchange of substances such as RNA between cytoplasm and nucleus
  • Contains chromatin (DNA)
  • Contains genetic material
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12
Q

Mitochondria

A

Energy supplying organelle (produces energy for the cell’s survival and functioning)

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13
Q

What are the properties of Mitochondria?

A
  • Site of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production via cellular respiration
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14
Q

What are the two membranes in the Mitochondria?

A
  • Inner membrane (highly folded since used by the electron transport chain)
  • Outer membrane
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15
Q

Ribosomes

A

Organelle located in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and aids in protein production/synthesis

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16
Q

Where are ribosomes produced?

A

Nucleolus

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17
Q

Where are ribosomes found?

A

They’re found free in the cytoplasm (cytosol) and attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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18
Q 
Endoplasmic Reticulum
                                      (ER)
A

Series of channels responsible for transportation within

cells

19
Q

2 types of Endoplasmic Reticulum:

A
  • Rough (ribosomes attached)

- Smooth (no ribosomes attached)

20
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Transport of proteins to various sites around the cell

21
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Manufacturing, detoxifying and storage and release of substances. They synthesizes lipids(steroid hormones, phospholipids, etc)

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

production of ribosomes

23
Q

Where is the Nucleolus found?

A

Found in the centre of the nucleus

24
Q

Golgi Complex/Golgi Apparatus

A

Final synthesis and packaging of proteins into membrane-bound vesicles.
- Linked to the ER

25
Q

Lysosomes

A

Membranous sacs that contain digestive enzymes which break down/digest large molecules or unwanted structure of the cell

26
Q

Peroxisome

A

Contain enzymes and aid in the oxidation of fatty acids
Breakdown of toxic substances (ie. Hydrogen peroxide)
- Contains appox. 50 different enzymes

27
Q

Cilia

A

Movement across the surface of the cell (small hair-like structure)
Eg. Cells that line the throat

28
Q

Flagella

A

movement of the cell (whip-like structure)

Eg. Sperm cells

29
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Supports structure of the cell and strength
Determines the cell’s shape
Facilitate movement
Move chromosomes during cell division

30
Q

Chloroplast

A

Only in Plant Cell
It is a green organelle (due to presence of chlorophyll)
Site of photosynthesis
Converts sunlight energy into chemical energy

31
Q

What pigments does chloroplast contain?

A

It contains chlorophylls (light trapping pigments)

32
Q

Vacuole

A

Is a membrane-bound, liquid-filled space which storages nutrients, mineral salts and water disposal

33
Q

Cell Wall

A

Only in Plant Cell

Provides strength and support

34
Q

Function of the Primary cell wall

A

Made up of cellulose

Gives strength and divides into new cells

35
Q

Function of the Secondary cell wall

A

Made up of cellulose

Gives plants their woodiness, it’s inside of the primary cell wall and it dies off

36
Q

Plasmodesmata

A

Connects adjoining cell and is like a channel allowing molecules & substances to move back & forth.

37
Q

Centrioles

A

Are a pair of small cylindrical structures composed of microtubules which are involved in separation of chromosomes during cell division in animal cells & protists

38
Q

Plastids

A

A group of organelles, found only in plant cells which develop from simple organelles called proplasts

39
Q

Tonoplast

A

The vacuole membrane in plant cells; regulates the movement of substances into and out of the vacuole

40
Q

Vesicles

A

Membrane bound organelles often associated with transport in cell

41
Q

Organelle

A

Specialized structure that enable the cell to live, grow and reproduce

42
Q

What is the space between the inner and outer membranes in mitochondria?

A

Intermembrane space

43
Q

What are the 3 components of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Microtubules
  • Intermediate Filaments
  • Microfilaments

Biology (Unit 1) (5 decks)

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