C/A ADHD Flashcards
What are the two core concepts that are associated with ADHD in children?
HYPERACTIVITY is an excessive psychomotor activity that may be purposeful or aimless, accompanied by physical movements and verbal utterances that are usually more rapid than normal. Inattention and distractibility are common symptoms.
IMPULSIVENESS is the trait of acting without reflection and without thought to the consequences of the behavior. An abrupt inclination to acts on certain behavioral urges.
What are the genetic predisposing factors of ADHD?
heritability and copy number variant mutations on chromosome region 16.
what environmental influences predispose a child to ADHD?
Lead
what psychosocial influences predispose a child to ADHD?
disorganized or chaotic environments or disruption in family equilibrium.
What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHA for inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity?
Inattention = six or more symptoms present for at least 6 months such: careless mistakes in school work, difficulty sustaining attention in tasks, does not listen when spoken to, does not follow through on instructions, difficulty organizing tasks, dislikes takes that require sustained mental effort, loses things necessary for tasks or activities
Hyperactivity and Impulsivity = six or more symptoms persist for at least 6 months: fidgets or taps hands/feet or squirms in seat, leaves seat in situations when needed to remain in seat, runs or climbs out of situations, often on the go, talks excessively, blurts out answer before a question has been completed, interrupts or intrudes on others
*symptoms present before 12 in either category
*present in two or more settings: home, school, work, activities
*evidence symptoms interfere with social, academic or occupational functioning
*symptoms do not occur during the course of schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder and are not better explained by another mental disorder
CP for risk of injury and nursing interventions for ADHD.
STG: patient remains free from injury
INTERVENTIONS: ensure safe environment, identify deliberate behaviors that puts the child at risk for injury, provider supervision during activities with risk of injury
CP for impaired social interaction and nursing interventions of ADHSD.
STG: interact in age-appropriate manner with nose in one-to-one relationship within one week
INTERVENTIONS: develop trusting relationship with child, convey accepted behavior, discuss with patient behaviors that are not acceptable, provide group situations for patient
LTG: patient observes limits set on intrusive behavior and demonstrates ability to interact appropriately with others
CP for low self-esteem and nursing interventions of ADHD.
STG: patient independently directs own care and activities within one week
INTERVENTIONS: ensure realistic goals, plan activities that provide apportunites for success, convey unconditional acceptance in positive regard, offer recognition of successful endeavors and positive reinforcement for attempt made
LTG: patient demonstrated increased feeling of self-worth by verbalizing positive statements about self and exhibiting fewer demanding behaviors
CP for noncompliance and nursing interventions of ADHD.
STG: patient participate in and cooperates during therapeutic activities
INTERVENTIONS: provide environment for task efforts that is free of distractions, provide assistance on a one-to-one basis starting with simple interactions, ask the patient to repeat instructions, establish goals that allow patient to complete part of a task, gradually. decrease the amount of assistance given
LTG: patient is able to complete assigned tasks independently or with a minimum of assistance
What medications are first line treatments for a child with ADHD?
CNS stimulants: dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine
Adderall
*contraindicated in patient with cardiac or risk of cardiac problems
