Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Germany 1919-63 > C > Flashcards

C Flashcards

1
Q

What was the cause of the war in 1939?

A

invasion of Poland - blitzkrieg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What were the main victories of Germany?

A

invasion of USSR in 1941 - lots of territory seized
invasion of Scandinavia and taking control of France in 1940

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the main losses of Germany?

A

Red Army defeating Wehrmacht in 1943, D-Day in 1944

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What were the roles of Todt?

A

successes in overcoming bottlenecks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What were the roles of Speer?

A

replaced chaotic polycratic systems by Central planning, increased efficiency by preventing the conscription of skilled workers, using conc camp prisoners for labour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Successes of war economy?

A

production trebled under Speer, autarky, access to food, supplies, military equipment and increased workforce due to conquests (French coal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Failures of war economy?

A

scorched earth policy of USSR hindered the Nazis, 1943 Decree of Comprehensive Deployment, war effort financed by printing & borrowing money

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was Goebbels ‘total war’?

A

a response to civilian concerns about the war and no response to cutback on consumption measures
total war = all civilian resources submitted to the army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the euthanasia programme?

A

Aktion T4, aim was to kill people with physical and mental disabilities to ‘cleanse’ the Aryan race

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the Einsatzgruppen?

A

paramilitary death squad, responsible for mass murder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are examples of forced segregation?

A

Warsaw Ghetto (500000+ people)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are examples of sporadic violence?

A

1940: group of Roma children gassed in Bucherwald
1941: 33000 Jews murdered in two days in Babi yar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happened from March-November 1943?

A

expansion of death camp system (Belzec, Sobibor, Trelinka)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the significance of the Wannsee conference?

A

plans for the ‘final solution’ were established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who were some individual opponents?

A

Sophie Scholl, part of the White Rose
General Ludwig Beck: involved in the 1944 bomb plot, organised a mass resignation of the chief-of-staff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why was the invasion of the USSR significant for the development of the Holocaust?

A

Einsatzgruppen A, lots of Jewish people under German control, high volume of killings led to gas chambers, vision of war changed from territory to a race war

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why did Himmler order that Jewish people are taken from the West to the East?

A

to avoid a generation of avengers by killing women and children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was operation Valkyrie?

A

plan was to give plotters control over the government, make peace with the Allies and end the war - convincing people that Hitler was dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Opposition from the Youth?

A

Swing Youth and Edelweiss pirates: cultural opposition and rejected Volksgemeinschaft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Opposition from the Church?

A

criticism of euthanasia, crucifix crisis, prevented totalitarian state but no threat to regime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Opposition from workers?

A

400 strikes between 1933-35, but no organisational strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Opposition from other parties?

A

SPD in exile organised underground groups, Red Orchestra group sent info to USSR, Kraison circle (restore freedom and democracy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Opposition from the elite?

A

discussions of replacing Hitler

24
Q

Opposition from the army?

A

broken relations due to radical foreign policy, helped Jews escape the war, Generals plot 1938, Stauffenberg plot (Valkyre)

25
Q

What was the impact of mass bombing on the economy?

A

industrial destruction and communications were disrupted, efforts concentrated on locating sites underground instead of increasing production

26
Q

What % of Dresden was destroyed in the bombing in 1945?

A

70%

27
Q

What was the impact of mass bombing on morale?

A

questioning of victory presented by propaganda due to sufferings, setbacks were announced to increase effort, suffering brought people together against the enemy

28
Q

What was morale like between 1939-41?

A

food rationing was introduced, no great enthusiasm (“reluctant loyalty”) but the defeat of the French brought “spontaneous demonstrations”

29
Q

What was morale like between 1941 june-dec?

A

invasion of the USSR brought relief but also anxiety that the war was dragging out, declining morale but support for Hitler

30
Q

What was morale like between 1942-43?

A

defeat at Stalingrad so retreat meant casualties and a large number of refugees, bread and meat allowances were cut, “even faith in Hitler began to fade”

31
Q

What was morale like between 1943-45?

A

total war meant non-essential businesses closed (9000 in Brandenburg), support for war out of fear, criticism of leadership

32
Q

What were the casualties of allied bombing?

A

305,000 people dead and 2 million homes destroyed

33
Q

How many soldiers died every month at the end of the war?

A

between 400000 and 300000

34
Q

Why did Germany fight to the end? (due to leaders)

A

army generals still loyal to Hitler, no surrender due to Allies’ awareness of war crimes meant only unconditional surrender

35
Q

Why did Germany fight to the end? (due to general public)

A

convinced of racial superiority, determination not to repeat TOV, many still believe in propaganda

36
Q

What was Germany like through its defeat (zero hour)?

A

physical destruction everywhere: Hamburg, Cologne, Dresden
communications gone due to roads, railways and bridges destroyed
6.5 million Germans killed
90000 women were systematically raped in Berlin
damaged sewer systems and polluted water

37
Q

What were the aims of the Allies?

A

denazification, decentrification, demilitarisation, democratisation

38
Q

What were the events at Tehran?

A

Stalin bugged Roosevelt’s place in the embassy, agreement that EE would be under USSR influence

39
Q

What were the events at Yalta?

A

decisions on how to split Germany, agreements on free elections in EE

40
Q

What were the events at Potsdam?

A

Allies couldn’t agree on peace treaty for Germany, atomic bomb dropped on Japan by US (but USSR knew due to agents)

41
Q

What was done to de-Nazify Germany?

A

Germans were showed the horrors of concentration camps, adults were re-educated, Allies controlled film, press and radio + measures were taken to remove Nazis from high positions (but were later reintegrated to fight communism)

42
Q

What were the elements of Communism?

A

needs of society put above individual rights, industry and agriculture are controlled by the state, profits go to the benefit of all

43
Q

What were the elements of Capitalism?

A

individual rights more important than people being equal, business and property are privately owned

44
Q

How was the SED formed?

A

unification between KPD and SPD backed by Soviet authorities

45
Q

What was the War economy degree of 1939?

A

wages frozen, bonuses and overtime end

46
Q

What are some examples of reforms the SED made?

A

centralised planning, nationalisation of major industries, taming & subordination of other political parties and mass organisation (unions and youth groups)

47
Q

Why was the formation of the SED possible?

A

SPD members viewed the unification as an opportunity to unite the working class

48
Q

Economic developments in the Eastern sector?

A

break up of large agricultural estates, take over of banks and factories (to abolish capitalism which was seen as the roots of Nazism)

49
Q

Social developments in the Eastern sector?

A

education was controlled and changed to centre socialist ideas and values, high status Nazi personnel were replaced by Communists

50
Q

What was Containment?

A

US policy to stop the spread of Communism and contain it within Europe

51
Q

How was containment achieved?

A

Marshall plan: $13.3 billion aid for recovery and rebuilding Europe to reduce food and goods shortages (ideal conditions for Communism)
France was only allowed the aid once the Communists were banned

52
Q

What was the Berlin blockade?

A

Stalin blocked all land routes to Berlin to keep Germany weak and send the message that the USSR won’t back down.
done due to the new currency and West not willing to relinquish control

53
Q

What was the Berlin airlift?

A

aim was to deliver supplies to West Berlin - 7000 tonnes of food and supplies every day

54
Q

Why was the Berlin blockade significant?

A

politics: France joins Bizonia during, GDR and FRG formed after
economics: highlighted differences
military: NATO in 1949

55
Q

What was the aim of the currency reforms?

A

to stabilise the economy by introducing the Deutschmark

Germany 1919-63 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions