A Flashcards
How much did Germany spend in WW1?
$39 billion
What were the social consequences of WW1?
16% of conscripted died, widespread starvation
What was the biggest reason for Germany’s loss?
failure to achieve a quick victory (Schlieffen)
Who was involved in the revolution from above?
Ludendorff (stab in the back), Kaiser Wilhelm (abdicated)
What was a key event in the revolution from below?
sailors mutiny in Kiell
What were the terms of the Ebert-Groener pact?
gov protected by the army
What was a disadvantage of the Coalition gov?
hard to make decisions, indecisive and unstable gov
What are the key points of the constitution?
president every 7 years, Bill of Rights, proportional representation, Article 48
What was the reason for the Spartacist revolt?
plunge in living standards and ongoing economic crisis. as well as congress voted to reject gov based on workers council
What did the Spartacist revolt achieve?
uprising of young workers - disrupted industry, took over news paper
What happened to the leaders of the Spartacist revolt?
both Luxembourg and Liebknect murdered
By who and why was the Spartacist revolt suppressed harshly?
Freikorps (paramilitary group) and due to the perceived threat of communism due to strikes and rise of it in Central Europe
What were the consequences of the Spartacist revolt?
Munich = pushed to the extreme right, caused a divide in left-wing politics, view of left as ‘Socialist Fascists’
How did Hindenburg change his public views on the TOV and Weimar Republic?
he first said he wanted to end the war to save german lives, then a year later blamed the loss on the army being ‘stabbed in the back’
What were the main economic losses of the TOV?
132 000 million gold marks had to be paid as reparations.
What were the main territorial losses of the TOV?
Polish corridor, Alsace-Lorraine back to France, Rhineland demilitarised
What were the main national losses of the TOV?
war guilt of article 231, disarmament
What was the reason for the Kapp Putsch?
reduction of the army in the TOV, ‘stab in the back’ - idea of betrayal by civilians, Freikorps ordered to disband
What did the Kapp Putsch achieve?
Kapp declared as chancellor
What were the consequences of the Kapp Putsch?
workers strike to end Kapp’s gov, showcased lack of support of the army for the gov, workers in Ruhr formed ‘Red Army’
Compare the threats from the left and right.
Left = unorganised, could assert dominance through worker strikes
Right = more support (more demographics), judiciary support (1 in 705 Kapp Putsch punished), military support
What happened at the invasion of the Ruhr?
French and Belgium troops invaded due to Germany’s failure to pay reparations. Government-ordered passive resistance.