A

Question 1

How much did Germany spend in WW1?

Answer 1

$39 billion

Question 2

What were the social consequences of WW1?

Answer 2

16% of conscripted died, widespread starvation

Question 3

What was the biggest reason for Germany’s loss?

Answer 3

failure to achieve a quick victory (Schlieffen)

Question 4

Who was involved in the revolution from above?

Answer 4

Ludendorff (stab in the back), Kaiser Wilhelm (abdicated)

Question 5

What was a key event in the revolution from below?

Answer 5

sailors mutiny in Kiell

Question 6

What were the terms of the Ebert-Groener pact?

Answer 6

gov protected by the army

Question 7

What was a disadvantage of the Coalition gov?

Answer 7

hard to make decisions, indecisive and unstable gov

Question 8

What are the key points of the constitution?

Answer 8

president every 7 years, Bill of Rights, proportional representation, Article 48

Question 9

What was the reason for the Spartacist revolt?

Answer 9

plunge in living standards and ongoing economic crisis. as well as congress voted to reject gov based on workers council

Question 10

What did the Spartacist revolt achieve?

Answer 10

uprising of young workers - disrupted industry, took over news paper

Question 11

What happened to the leaders of the Spartacist revolt?

Answer 11

both Luxembourg and Liebknect murdered

Question 12

By who and why was the Spartacist revolt suppressed harshly?

Answer 12

Freikorps (paramilitary group) and due to the perceived threat of communism due to strikes and rise of it in Central Europe

Question 13

What were the consequences of the Spartacist revolt?

Answer 13

Munich = pushed to the extreme right, caused a divide in left-wing politics, view of left as ‘Socialist Fascists’

Question 14

How did Hindenburg change his public views on the TOV and Weimar Republic?

Answer 14

he first said he wanted to end the war to save german lives, then a year later blamed the loss on the army being ‘stabbed in the back’

Question 15

What were the main economic losses of the TOV?

Answer 15

132 000 million gold marks had to be paid as reparations.

Question 16

What were the main territorial losses of the TOV?

Answer 16

Polish corridor, Alsace-Lorraine back to France, Rhineland demilitarised

Question 17

What were the main national losses of the TOV?

Answer 17

war guilt of article 231, disarmament

Question 18

What was the reason for the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 18

reduction of the army in the TOV, ‘stab in the back’ - idea of betrayal by civilians, Freikorps ordered to disband

Question 19

What did the Kapp Putsch achieve?

Answer 19

Kapp declared as chancellor

Question 20

What were the consequences of the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 20

workers strike to end Kapp’s gov, showcased lack of support of the army for the gov, workers in Ruhr formed ‘Red Army’

Question 21

Compare the threats from the left and right.

Answer 21

Left = unorganised, could assert dominance through worker strikes

Right = more support (more demographics), judiciary support (1 in 705 Kapp Putsch punished), military support

Question 22

What happened at the invasion of the Ruhr?

Answer 22

French and Belgium troops invaded due to Germany’s failure to pay reparations. Government-ordered passive resistance.

Question 23

What were the long-term causes of hyperinflation?

Answer 23

Expenditure in war, low income from taxes

Question 24

What were the medium-term causes of hyperinflation?

Answer 24

loss of confidence in currency, TOV

Question 25

What were the short-term causes of hyperinflation?

Answer 25

occupation of the Ruhr, gov printing money for strikers

Question 26

Who were the winners of hyperinflation?

Answer 26

people with debt, owners of foreign currencies, Stinnes

Question 27

Who were the losers of hyperinflation?

Answer 27

people with savings, workers, civil servants

Question 28

What were the social consequences of hyperinflation?

Answer 28

decline in health conditions, difficult livelihood, Weimar started to become associated with economic distress and instability

Question 29

What were the main points in the 25-point programme?

Answer 29

ultra-nationalism, authorianism, socialism for Germans

Question 30

Why did the Munich Putsch fail?

Answer 30

lack of planning, overestimated support, underestimated strength of the army

Question 31

Why could it be argued that the Munich Putsch didn't fail completely?

Answer 31

good source of propaganda and infamy

Question 32

What were the events of the Munich Putsch?

Answer 32

SA burst into beer hall meeting, Kahr and Lossow swore loyalty under gun point. armed nazis + public support march to Bavarian military base -> Ebert declares state of emergency. army overpowers Nazis in shooting match

Question 33

What was the good thing about cultural development during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 33

development of expressionism, artistic freedom,

Question 34

What was the bad thing about cultural development during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 34

cultural conservationism, politicised art undermined Weimar gov

Question 35

Why can we say there was political stability during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 35

anti-WR parties lost support, no attempted coups of uprisings

Question 36

Why can we say there wasn't political stability during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 36

no compromises between parties - impossible to hold gov together for 2+ years

Question 37

What were the educational and religious establishments like during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 37

predominantly conservative, tended to undermine WR

Question 38

What was it like for women during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 38

although had rights, remained in low occupations, work only until marriage, voted against progressives (de facto equality)

Question 39

What were the features of the Welfare state like during the Weimar Republic?

Answer 39

unemployment insurance, 33x more spending on public housing in 1929 than in 1913, however threat to Stinnes-Legien pact (Ruhr lockout of 1928)

Question 40

Reasons why economic recovery was effective.

Answer 40

+3% increase in wages, lower unemployment

Question 41

Reasons why economic recovery was ineffective.

Answer 41

deepened divide between rich and poor, workers' wages didn't go above rising cost of living, dependence on US

Question 42

What were Stresseman's economic policies?

Answer 42

Daws Plan (£25 bill loan from US), Rentenmark (based on gold reserves)

Question 43

What were Stresseman's foreign policies?

Answer 43

Locarno pact (strengthened borders), League of Nations (gave Germany status), Treaty of Berlin (good relations w USSR therefore pressure on West)

Question 44

How could Stresseman's policies be seen as unsuccessful?

Answer 44

continued legitimacy of 'stab in the back', made Germany dependant on other countries instead of fighting back -> 'dancing on a volcano'

Question 45

Consequences of the Great Depression?

Answer 45

rise of unemployment from 1.8 to 3.1, gov raised taxes, Germany was generally more affected than other countries, 20000 businesses collapsed

Question 46

What were the political consequences of the Great Depression?

Answer 46

shift from a parliamentary to a presidential government (A48 x 66), rise of extreme parties

Question 47

What were the reasons people voted for the Nazis?

Answer 47

resentment for TOV, wanting to make 'Germany great again', the promise of business prosperity and 'bread and work', targeted propaganda -> 'catch-all party'

Question 48

What was Papen's Prussian coup?

Answer 48

democratic -> authoritarian gov in Prussia (ruled by decree), mortal blow to Weimar gov and the left

Question 49

What was Bruning's role in the Great Depression?

Answer 49

let it get bad on purpose, in hope of lessening of reparations

Question 50

How did the NSDAP reorganise the party?

Answer 50

Gauliters - state wide control, organisations for women, children, workers, Nazi Welfare organisation

Question 51

What happened after the Bamberg conference?

Answer 51

interpretation of 25pp became more flexible, Hitler could adapt any policy he liked - defeat of Socialist aspects

Question 52

What was the role of the SA in the rise of the Nazis?

Answer 52

intimidation, 'propaganda by deed',

Question 53

What was the role of propaganda in the rise of the Nazis?

Answer 53

tailored to appeal to a wide range of demographics, use of latest tech, local propaganda (key individuals in local community influenced others)

Question 54

How did the elite feel about Hitler initially? What changed their mind?

Answer 54

because they were wary about his radicalism and vulgar nature -> changed due to running out of options due to rise of communism

Question 55

What was the backstairs intrigue?

Answer 55

Hitler had majority vote (34%), Papen made a deal with him to form a coalition to get revenge on Schleicher. proposes the idea to make Hitler chancellor and him vice-chancellor to Hindenburg. Hitler becomes chancellor on 30th Jan 1933.