By-products Flashcards
What is a by-product?
Something that is produced as a result of making something else.
What are the 4 categories of meat by-products?
- Human food industry.
- Livestock, poultry, pet food industry.
- Soaps and personal-care products.
- Industrial production.
What is the old saying in the meat industry about butchers?
They use every part of a hog except for the squeal.
What ae variety meats?
- Blood.
- Brains.
- Chitterlings and natural casings.
- Hearts.
- Kidneys.
- Liver.
- Oxtails.
- Sweetbreads.
- Testicles.
- Tongues.
- Tripe.
What are the USDA-FSIS regulations for sausage?
- Must be wholesome.
- Must be segregated.
- Chilled.
- Processed as specified.
- Ingredients must state each specific variety meat included.
What variety meat is more nutrient dense than muscle meat?
Liver.
How is liver typically prepared?
- Fried.
- Broiled.
- Sauteed.
- Braised.
What is heart described as being?
Less tender than liver.
How is heart cooked?
Using moist heat with a longer cook time.
Why should tongue be blanched?
To remove the tough outer membrane.
How is are brains, sweetbreads, and testicles prepared?
Sliced thin, battered, and fried or with scrambled eggs.
*Remove outer membrane first.
What are sweetbreads?
Thymus and/or pancreas.
When kidneys are left on lamb or veal chops, what is the piece of meat called?
Kidney chops.
Where is oxtail commonly used?
Soups and stews.
What is tripe?
Emptied, washed, rapidly chilled, w/ the inner membrane removed, partially or fully cooked, rumen and reticulum.
*Cooked with moist heat.
What are chitterlings?
Thoroughly cleaned pork intestines.
What are the USDA-FSIS standards for blood used for human consumption?
It cannot come in contact with the surface of the animal’s body or is otherwise contaminated during the collection process.
What % of blood is protein?
17%.
What is rendering?
Heating or cooking the raw material to liquify the fat and breakdown the membranes or other structures that hold fat.
What are the two products of the rendering process?
- Melted fat.
- A solid or semi-solid nonfat material that is mostly protein and minerals.
What kind of material is rendered?
Any by-products that have no other market or are have been deemed unfit for human consumption.
What are rendering plants traditionally called?
Tank house or tank room, with rendered products being tanked.
Are all rendered products edible?
No, there are usually two separate rooms for rendering, one for edible raw materials and the other for inedible raw materials.
What are the 3 protein products from rendering?
- Partially defatted beef fatty tissue.
- Partially defatted pork fatty tissue.
- Cracklings (Protein rich solids from rendered pork fat).