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REG > Business Law V: Debtor/Creditor Relationships, Real Property > Flashcards

Business Law V: Debtor/Creditor Relationships, Real Property Flashcards

1
Q

Guarantor/Surety

A
  1. someone who agrees to stand liable for a debt of another.
  2. a way for a creditor to have another form of backup for payment of obligation owed.
  3. can be in addition to any collateral debtor may pledge to creditor.
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2
Q

Straight Surety/Guaranty relationship

A

Surety/Guarantor must pay creditor when debt is due. Creditor can turn to surety/guarantor for payment.

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3
Q

Guarantor of Collection relationship

A

Guarantor is responsible for debt only after principal debtor has defaulted.

Guarantor is secondarily liable.

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4
Q

Suretyship Creation

A
  1. Contract must be in writing and signed by surety
  2. Consideration not required
  3. Multiple surety relationship can exist (sub-surety, cosurety)
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5
Q

Rights of creditors/sureties on amount paid toward principal debt

A

In absence of agreement, contribution of each cosurety is determined on pro rata basis computed by ratio of proportionate maximum liability of each cosurety to total amount that all cosureties have pledged

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6
Q

Formula for creditor/surety responsibility

A

(Max Liability of Cosurety / Total Max. Liability of All Cosureties) x Amount Paid by Cosurety Seeking Contribution = Amount of Contribution Entitlement

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7
Q

Rights of Creditor when Principal Debtor Defaults

A
  1. Proceed against principal debtor personally and/or debtor’s property
  2. Proceed against surety personally according to surety contract
  3. Proceed against collateral of debtor
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8
Q

Rights of Surety/Guarantor

A
  1. Exoneration
  2. Reimbursement/indemnity
  3. Subrogation
  4. Right of Contribution
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9
Q

Exoneration

A

Equitable right permitting surety to petition court to order creditor to exhaust recovery against principal debtor before holding surety liable

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10
Q

Reimbursement/Indemnity

A

Surety has right to seek reimbursement from principal debtor:

  1. to cover all costs guarantor has incurred because of surety agreement
  2. if principal debtor has defense against paying creditor, surety’s right of reimbursement is correspondingly reduced
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11
Q

Subrogation

A

Upon payment, surety succeeds to any rights creditor has, including:

  1. Creditor’s rights against principal debtor
  2. Creditor’s rights to principal debtor’s collateral held by creditor/surety
  3. Creditor’s rights against 3rd parties
  4. Creditor’s rights against a cosurety
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12
Q

Right of contribution

A

Entitles cosurety to recover amount paid about his/her share owed from other cosurety

  1. Generally, cosureties are jointly/severally liable
  2. Release of cosurety - if released w/o other cosureties’ consent, remaining cosureties’ liability is released to extent that right of contribution cannot be obtained
  3. Reimbursement - if fully reimbursed, no right of contribution
  4. Collateral - cosureties entitled to share in proportion to their liability a debtor’s collateral
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13
Q

Events that DO NOT release Surety from Liability

A
  1. Insolvency of principal debtor
  2. Bankruptcy of principal debtor
  3. Fraud/misrepresentation by debtor
  4. Principal debtor’s incapacity
  5. Death of principal debtor
  6. Release of principal debtor by creditor
  7. Changes/modification
  8. Creditor failure to give surety notice of principal debtor’s default
  9. Creditor failure to first resort to collateral in order to satisfy debt
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14
Q

Events that DO release Surety from Liability

A
  1. Principal debt paid
  2. Surety’s incapacity
  3. Garantor’s discharge decree in bankruptcy
  4. Statute of limitations expires
  5. Fraud/misrepresentation by creditor
  6. Release of principal debtor by guarantor
  7. Refusal of principal debtor’s tender
  8. Material alteration by creditor
  9. Creditor’s failure to disclose
  10. Changes/modifications where surety uncompensated
  11. Surrender/impairment of debtor’s collateral
  12. Special release for guaranty of collections
  13. Statue of Frauds (must be in writing)
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15
Q

Freehold estate: Fee simple estate

A

Person has complete ownership for unlimited duration to do with property as he/she legally chooses

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16
Q

Freehold estate: Fee simple defeasible estate

A

Ownership automatically terminated upon happening of particular event.

Property reverts back to grantor/3rd party

17
Q

Freehold estate: Life estate

A

Title held by grantor/3rd party but subject to holder of life estate to possession, use, ordinary profit derived from property for duration of tenant’s life.

Absolute title passes at life tenant’s death.

18
Q

Nonfreehold estate: Leasehold, tenancy for years

A

Lease for specified duration, where lease automatically terminates at end of period and no notice to tenant is required.

19
Q

Nonfreehold estate: Leasehold, tenancy from period to period

A

Lease automatically renewed for same fixed period until lease is terminated (month-to-month)

20
Q

Nonfreehold estate: Leashold, tenancy at will

A

Tenancy that simply continues with permission of landlord

21
Q

Nonfreehold estate: Leasehold, tenancy at sufferance

A

Tenancy w/o consent of the landlord

22
Q

Nonpossessory interest: Easements

A

Right of a person to make limited use of another’s realty:

  1. Appurtenant - adjacent piece of realty
  2. In gross - single tract of land
  3. Profit - take part of land/product (gravel)
  4. Grant - conveyance by contract/deed
  5. Implication - circumstances indicate implied consent of use
  6. Necessity - i.e. land-locked, need to cross another’s land to get to highway
23
Q

Nonpossessory interest: License

A

Revocable right to come upon another’s land to enjoy it/perform a function (sporting event)

24
Q

Fixtures

A
  1. All fixtures initially personal property
  2. Once attached to realty, it becomes part of the realty if:
    - person who attached it intends it to be a fixture
    - property is so attached ot the realty that its adaptation become permanent part of the realty
25
Q

Liens

A
  1. Judicial liens

2. Mechanic’s lien

26
Q

Real Property Acquisition

A
  1. Gift
  2. Will/inheritance
  3. Sale - contract
27
Q

Real Property Transfer - deeds

A
  1. Warranty Deed - highest lvl of protection
  2. Special warranty deed - guarantees no problems with title only during period owned by grantor
  3. Quitclaim deed - no warranties/guarantees on title
28
Q

Tenancy in Common

A

Ownership held by 2 or more individuals. Tenants in common can sell, will, or mortgage their interests

29
Q

Joint Tenancy

A
  1. Ownership held in equal shares
  2. Requires unity in time, title, interest, possession
  3. Right of survivorship
  4. If one tenant transfers interest, joint tenancy is severed and transferee becomes tenant in common

REG (26 decks)

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