Business and Labor

Question 1

Thomas Edison

Answer 1

Inventor. Created the light bulb. This provided for safer work environments and allowed for longer work hours.

Question 2

Eugene V. Debs

Answer 2

Head of the American Railway Union and director of the Pullman strike; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a federal court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America

Question 3

Horatio Alger

Answer 3

heavy promoter of the success story. Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote that virtue, honesty and industry would be rewarded with success, wealth and honor.

Question 4

Andrew Carnegie

Answer 4

Dominated the steel industry. He made money by striking deals with the railroads and bought out rivals.

Question 5

John D. Rockefeller

Answer 5

Had a big standard oil company. Believed in trusts. This is when companies ban together to drop prices or get rid of competition.
He got rebates from railroad companies.

Question 6

J.P. Morgan

Answer 6

J.P. Morgan was a banker. Had holding companies (those that are formed only to buy up other companies)
Established railroads and bought U.S. steel.

Question 7

Describe the Industrial Revolution in late 19th century

Answer 7

the change from an agricultural to an industrial society and from home manufacturing to factory production

Question 8

Describe Big Businesses

Answer 8

a business that is so big, it can affect politics and government, and can influence society.

Question 9

Describe Social Darwinism

Answer 9

Charles Dickinson’s law of evolution.Survival of the fittest survived in the marketlace.

Question 10

Describe Morrill Land Grant Act

Answer 10

1862 law in which the federal government distributed millions of acres of western lands to the state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges

Question 11

Describe Horizontal Integration

Answer 11

The combining of a bunch of like businesses into one company.
Ex: the consolidation of different railroad lines into one company.

Question 12

Describe Social Gospel

Answer 12

the religious doctrines preached by those who believed that the churches should directly address economic and social problems

Question 13

Describe Dawes Severalty Act of 1887

Answer 13

An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to “civilize” Native Americans. Of 130 million acres held in Native American reservations before the Act, 90 million were sold to non-Native buyers. (639)

Question 14

Describe the Problems with immigration

Answer 14

The old immigrants didn’t like the new immigrants. They treated them lole criminals, diseased and paupers.

Question 15

Describe Frederick Jackson Turner

Answer 15

American historian who said that humanity would continue to progress as long as there was new land to move into. The frontier provided a place for homeless and solved social problems.

Question 16

Describe Ethnic Neighborhoods

Answer 16

When people moved to the U.S. they wanted to recreated life back home but better. So ethnic Neighborhoods were created.

Question 17

Describe Nativism

Answer 17

Nativism Favoritism toward native-born Americans, caused immigrants issues with jobs and adapting to the new culture and language

Question 18

Describe Wabash, St. Louis v. Illinois

Answer 18

A Supreme Court decision that prohibited states from regulating the railroads because the Constitution grants Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce. As a result, reformers turned their attention to the federal government, which now held sole power to regulate the railroad industry

Question 19

Describe the Influence of Robber Barons Labor Unions

Answer 19

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Question 20

Describe U.S. Presidents between 1876 and 1900

Answer 20

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Question 21

Describe the Bessemer Process

Answer 21

It was the new, cheaper and faster way to produce steel

Question 22

Describe the Transcontinental railroad construction

Answer 22

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Question 23

Describe Haymarket Incident

Answer 23

This riot was a direct result of the extreme tensions between laborers and the wealthy business owners. The McCormick Reaper Company was on strike, 4 people had just been killed, tensions were high, and anarchists showed up and began speaking at the rally attended mainly by immigrant workers in May 1886 at Haymarket Square. It was originally intended as a rally to protest the establishment of a National Wage. Someone in the crowd threw a bomb, a riot broke out, 7 policemen died, and as a result 8 innocent German immigrants were arrested and the Knights of Labor were blamed for the riot. The riot resulted in the loss of all sympathy for laborers, and a fear anarchy in the middle class, which became a huge obstacle for the AF of L and Knight’s of Labor.

Question 24

Describe Robber Barrons

Answer 24

Monopolies and businessmen. They had a great influence on government policies.

Question 25

Describe City life at turn-of-the-century

Answer 25

During this time the U.S. had become the greatest industrial power in the world. Women and children were working and everybody was trying to get an indutrial job because there were so many available. Yet the wages were usually low and working conditions were bad.

Question 26

Describe Captains of Industry

Answer 26

Aka, Robber Barrons. These include Andrew Carnegie, John D Rockefeler, J.P. Morgan and conrelius Vanderilt

Question 27

Describe William McKinley’s election

Answer 27

Republican President who wins the 1896 election-wants to embrace silver because he knows it’s the right thing to do-but his party says elsewise

Question 28

Describe New Immigrants

Answer 28

New immigrants came to the U.S. in 1880-1970. They came from Southern and Eastern Europe, Latin America and Asia.
Were treated badly by the old wave of immigrants.

Question 29

Describe the Chinese Exclusion Act

Answer 29

This prohibited the Chinese from entering the U.S. Teddy Roosevelt promised Japan that if they stopped sending people over that they would treat the ones that are already here better. Called the Gentlemen’s Agreement..

Question 30

Describe Relations between Indians and the U.S. Government

Answer 30

Bad. Constantly tense.