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APUSH > APUSH Midterm Review > Flashcards

APUSH Midterm Review Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

boycott

A

To abstain from using, buying, or dealing with; happens all of the time everywhere all over the world; labor unions, consumer groups, countries boycott products to force a company or government to change its politics.

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2
Q

militia

A

a military force that is raised from the civil population to supplement a regular army in an emergency.

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3
Q

mercenary

A

A professional soldier who serves in a foreign army for pay.

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4
Q

blockade

A

The isolation of a place by hostile ships or troops.

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5
Q

minutemen

A

a colonist who could be ready in a few minutes to fight the British

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6
Q

Great Compromise

A

Great Compromise the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population).

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7
Q

Protective tariff

A

Protective Tariff It was a tariff imposing 8% on the value of dutiable imports. It was passed by the first Congress. Revenue was the main goal. It was also designed to protect small industries just getting started. Hamilton wanted more protection for the well-to-do manufacturing groups. Congress still had agriculture and commericial interest dominating. This was part of Hamilton’s economic plan to support the industrialists

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8
Q

Midnight Judges

A

Judges that were swapped in last minute before a president left office.

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9
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

as a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791, during the presidency of George Washington. The so-called “whiskey tax” was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government.

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10
Q

Nullification

A

Theory promoted by John C. Calhoun and other South Carolinians that said states had the right to disregard federal laws to which they objected

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11
Q

Embargo

A

Embargo Act The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States.

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12
Q

Nationalism

A

Political ideology that stresses people’s membership in a nation-a community defined by a common culture and history as well as by territor

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13
Q

Interchangeable Parts

A

uniform pieces that can be made in large quantities to replace other identical pieces

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14
Q

Spoils System

A

is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its supporters, friends and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party

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15
Q

Sectionalism

A

a devotion to the interests of one geographic region over the interests of the country as a whole, ultimately led to the Union’s worst crisis: civil war between the North and the South in the early 1860s

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16
Q

Suffrage

A

The right to vote

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17
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

a member of the women’s right’s movement in 1840. She was a mother of seven, and she shocked other feminists by advocating suffrage for women at the first Women’s Right’s Convention in Seneca, New York 1848. Stanton read a “Declaration of Sentiments” which declared “all men and women are created equal.”

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18
Q

Utopias

A

Between 1830s and 40s hopes for social perfection - utopia - were widespread among evangelical Christians as well as secular humanists. These hopes found expression in various utopian communities and spiritual movements

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19
Q

Temperance

A

Movement against alcohol

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20
Q

Harriet Beecher Stowe

A

A nineteenth-century American author best known for Uncle Tom’s Cabin, a powerful novel that inflamed sentiment against slavery.

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21
Q

Dred Scott

A

Scott was a black slave who had lived with his master for five years in Illinois and Wisconsin territory. He sued for his freedom on the basis of his long residence in free territory. The Dred Scott court decision was handed down by the Supreme Court on March 6,1857. The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a black slave and not a citizen. Hence, he could not sue in a federal court.


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22
Q

John Brown

A

An abolitionist who attempted to lead a slave revolt by capturing Armories in southern territory and giving weapons to slaves, was hung in Harpers Ferry after capturing an Armory

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23
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery

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24
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis was the President of the Southern Confederate States from 1860 to 1865 after their succession from the Union. During this time, Davis struggled to form a solid government for the states to be governed by.

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25
Q

Black Codes

A

The Black Codes were laws passed by southern states after the Civil War denying ex-slaves the complete civil rights enjoyed by whites and intended to force blacks back to plantations and impoverished lifestyles.

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26
Q

Radical Republicans

A

radical republicans wanted to democratize the South, establish public education, and ensure the rights or free people; strongly promoted free blacks and black suffrage

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27
Q

Redeemer

A

Largely former slave owners who were the bitterest opponents of the Republican program in the South. Staged a major counterrevolution to “redeem” the south by taking back southern state governments. Their foundation rested on the idea of racism and white supremacy. Redeemer governments waged and agressive assault on African Americans

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28
Q

Amnesty

A

Removed the last of the restrictions on ex-Confederates, except for the top leaders, The chief political consequence of the Amnesty Act was that it allowed southern conservatives to vote for Democrats to retake control of state govts.

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29
Q

Impeach

A

Impeachment Impeachment is to accuse a public official of misconduct in office

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30
Q

Assimilation

A

s the process by which a person or a group’s language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group

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31
Q

Homesteader

A

People settling out west

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32
Q

Soddy

A

Person who lives in sod house

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33
Q

Reservation

A

Private plots of land that was given to Native Americans.

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34
Q

Open-Range System

A

open range By definition was an area wherein livestock may lawfully be permitted to run at large.ended in the 1880s due to overgrazing, blizzards, droughts (killed cattle), farmers with barbed wire.

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35
Q

What was the Columbian Exchange?

A

An exchange between the Old World, New World, and Africa. In this exchange the Old World gave the New World food, animals, and diseases. Africa gave the New World slaves. Lastly, the New World gave the Old World gold, silver, raw materials, and syphilis.

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36
Q

Describe the geography of New england Colonies

A

The land in New England was rocky and sandy. Forests and hulls made agriculture difficult.

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37
Q

Descibe the geography of Middle colonies

A

Had rich soil that was good for farming,

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38
Q

Describe the geography of Southern Colonies

A

Had the best land for farming. Had rich soil and many waterways

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39
Q

How did the geography of colonies affect what types of crops were grown in these areas?

A

NE: didnt grow many crops
MI: corn wheat, stuff
S: Grew tobacco corn, cotton

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40
Q

What was one of North America’s first cash crops?

A

Tobacco

41
Q

What was mercantilism?

A

Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the Mother Country; the colonies received manufactured goods in return.

42
Q

What was the role of colonies under Mercantilism?

A

Colonies had to provide raw materials

43
Q

how did the relationship between the American colonies and England change after the French and Indian war?

A

it completely went downhill. Due to the debt of the war the colonies were taxed an they thought it was unfair.

44
Q

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

A

which forbade all settlement past a line drawn along the Appalachian Mountains. This further upset the colonies.

45
Q

What was William Penn’s “holy Experiment” and how did it affect those who settled in Pennsylvania

A

experiment to provide a religious refuge for Quakers and other persecuted people, enact liberal ideas in government, and generate a profit

46
Q

Why was the revolutionary war fought? Where did the British surrender?

A

The colonies were pissed. They didn’t like the taxes. They felt like Britain didn’t really love them. They wanted direct representation.
The British surrendered at Yorktown, Virginia.

47
Q

When the United states was founded, who was given the right to vote?

A

July 4, 1776

People who owned land

48
Q

What Enlightenment ideas are found in the Declaration of independene?

A

John Lockes ideas of inalienable rights, that the the government is only legit if the people consent to them.
Government’s purpose is the protect the rights of the people.

49
Q

What were the effects of Shay’s Rebellion?

A

***A call to send delegates to a convention ordered in 1787

Farmers could not pay their taxes.

50
Q

What were the Great Compromise and the 3/5 Compromise?

A

great: agreement that congress would have two houses. The senate has 2 representatives for each state. The HOR had representation that was based on population.
3/5: Out of every 5 enslaved persons 3 counted towards the population.

51
Q

Describe what Federalist and Democratic-Republicans would likely support in the 1780s?

A

h

52
Q

Why was the Bill of Rights added to the US Constitution?

A

To gain support of anti federalists in ratifying the constitution

53
Q

What did George Washington warn about in his Farewell Address?

A

h

54
Q

Why did the US Congress pass the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798?

A

h

55
Q

What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions? What principle did they introduce?

A

h

56
Q

What was the importance of the Election of 1800 on American politics?

A

h

57
Q

What even in Thomas Jefferson’s presidency challenged his strict interpretation of the Constitution?

A

h

58
Q

What was the main reason for the Lewis and Clark Expedition?

A

h

59
Q

What constitutional principle did the court case Marbury v. Madison establish?

A

No midnight judges. **Established judicial review

60
Q

Who was John Marshall and what was his affect on the Supreme Court?

A

Chief Justice. increased power of federal government

61
Q

What countries were involved in the War of 1812? What were the causes and effects?

A

h

62
Q

What was the impact of the Battle of New Orleans on the United States (War of 1812)?

A

hh

63
Q

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

h

64
Q

What was the “Era of Good Feelings”

A

h

65
Q

Who were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

A

h

66
Q

What was the impact of the cotton gin?

A

h

67
Q

How did the Erie Canal impact New York City and trade in the Northeast?

A

h

68
Q
  1. What was the impact of the growth of factories in the US?
A

h

69
Q

What was Henry Clay’s American System? What did Clay hope to accomplish through the American
System?

A

h

70
Q
  1. What was Andrew Jackson’s policy toward Native Americans?
A

h

71
Q

How did Andrew Jackson change voting requirements during his presidency?

A

hh

72
Q

How did Andrew Jackson change voting requirements during his presidency?

A

h

73
Q
  1. What was Manifest Destiny? How was this accomplished?
A

h

74
Q
  1. Why were immigrants more likely to settle in urban centers?
A

hh

75
Q

Why did many Mormons migrate to the western United States?

A

h

76
Q

What was Abraham Lincoln’s view of President Polk’s request for war with Mexico in 1848?

A

h

77
Q

Why did sectionalism increase between 1820 and 1850?

A

h

78
Q

Who was John Brown? What did he believe about slavery and how did he act upon this belief?

A

h

79
Q

What was the Compromise of 1850? What part received the greatest support from Southern plantation
owners?

A

h

80
Q

What was the Kansas-Nebraska Act? What was its affect?

A

h

81
Q

What were the causes to the American Civil War?

A

h

82
Q

Which state first seceded from the Union?

A

h

83
Q

Why is the battle of Vicksburg considered a turning point in the American Civil War?

A

h

84
Q
  1. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Why could it be seen as a political and diplomatic

document?

A

h

85
Q

Why was the South unable to fight the Civil War indefinitely?

A

h

86
Q

What were the provisions of Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction and the Wade-Davis Bill?

A

h

87
Q

Who was Frederick Douglass? What were his views on slavery?

A

h

88
Q

What action officially abolished slavery in the United States?

A

h

89
Q

Why did the House of Representatives impeach Andrew Johnson?

A

h

90
Q

What was the result of the Compromise of 1877?

A

hh

91
Q

How did the agricultural system in the South change during Reconstruction which allowed white
landowners to benefit from the labor of former slaves without paying wages?

A

h

92
Q
  1. What economic impact did barbed wire have on the American Great Plains?
A

h

93
Q

Who were the exodusters?

A

h

94
Q

What impact did the transcontinental railroad have on the economy of the West during the mid-1800s?

A

hh

95
Q

Which invention made western farming more efficient in the mid-1800s?

A

h

96
Q
  1. What types of houses did Homesteaders have to build on the Great Plains?
A

h

97
Q

Describe the differences between Native American groups living on the Great Plains and Native
American groups in other areas of North America.

A

h

98
Q

How did the “American Dream” manifest itself in the first half of United States History?

A

h

99
Q

What obstacles existed in trying to obtain the “American Dream” and what groups had trouble obtaining the “American Dream” and why?

A

h

APUSH (9 decks)

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