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Business 4: IT Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

List the five main components of IT.

A
  • People
  • Data
  • Hardware
  • Software
  • Networks
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2
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What is a CPU (central processing unit)?

A

Control center of the computer system

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3
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What are the two principal components of a CPU?

A

1) Processor

2) Primary storage

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4
Q

In a CPU, what does a processor do?

A
  • Interprets program instructions
  • Coordinates input, output, and storage devices (the control unit)
  • Performs arithmetic calculations (the arithmetic logic unit)
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5
Q

In a CPU, what is the purpose of primary storage?

A
  • Main memory

- Used to store program instructions and data until program instructions can be executed

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6
Q

For personal computers, what is primary storage (main memory) further divided into?

A
  • RAM (random access memory)

- ROM (read-only memory)

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7
Q

What does RAM (random access memory) do?

A
  • Stores data temporarily while it is being processed
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8
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What is a CPU (central processing unit)?

A

Control center of the computer system

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9
Q

What does RAM (random access memory) do?

A
  • Stores data temporarily while it is being processed
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10
Q

What does ROM (read-only memory) do?

A

Used to permanently store data needed to power the computer

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11
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

Give an example of a secondary storage device.

A
  • Hard drive
  • Magnetic disk
  • Flash drive
  • CD-ROM discs
  • Optical discs
  • Magnetic tape
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12
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

Secondary storage devices are a means to do what?

A

To permanently store programs and data

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13
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What is often used for disk storage currently?

A

RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)

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14
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What is the basic idea of RAID?

A
  • To combine multiple inexpensive disk drives into an array of disk drives to obtain performance, capacity and reliability that exceed that of a single large disk drive
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15
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What is the basic idea of RAID?

A
  • To combine multiple inexpensive disk drives into an array of disk drives to obtain performance, capacity and reliability that exceed that of a single large disk drive
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16
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What do you call devices that transfer data to or from the CPU but that do not take part in the actual processing of the data?

A

Peripherals (which include input and output devices)

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17
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What do input devices do?

A

Supply the data to be process

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18
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

Give an example of an input device.

A
  • Keyboard
  • Mice
  • Scanner
  • Magnetic ink character readers (MICR)
  • Touch sensitive screens
  • Microphones
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19
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What do output devices do?

A

Transfer data from the processing unit to various output media

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20
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

Give an example of an output device.

A
  • printers
  • speakers
  • cathode ray tubes
  • graphic printers
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21
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

Give an example of an output device.

A
  • printers
  • speakers
  • cathode ray tubes
  • graphic printers
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22
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What does MIPS stand for?

A

Millions of instructions per second

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23
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.

What does MIPS stand for?

A

Millions of instructions per second

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24
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Software can be divided into what three broad categories?

A

1) System software
2) Programming languages
3) Application software

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25
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What does system software consist of?

A

Programs that run the computer and support management operations

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26
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What does system software consist of?

A

Programs that run the computer and support management operations

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27
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of system provides the interface b/w the user and the hardware?

A

Operating system

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28
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of system controls all input and output to main memory?

A

Operating system

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29
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What does DBMS stand for?

A

Database management system

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30
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

In organizations that employ mainframe and midrange computer systems, why is having a database management system software package important?

A

B/c it controls the development, use and maintenance of the databases used by the organization

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31
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

In organizations that employ mainframe and midrange computer systems, why is having a database management system software package important?

A

B/c it controls the development, use and maintenance of the databases used by the organization

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32
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Define bit w/r/t data storage.

A

a binary digit (0 or 1) with which all computer data is stored

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33
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Define byte w/r/t data storage.

A

group of normally 8 bits that can rep a number or a letter, with the specific form dependent on what internal representation format is being used

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34
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Sometimes bytes are called what?

A

Characters

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35
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

How many bytes is 1KB?

A

1KB = 1,000 bytes

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36
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

How many bytes is 1MB?

A

1MB = 1 million bytes

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37
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

How many bytes is 1GB?

A

1GB = 1 billion bytes

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38
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

How many bytes is 1TB?

A

1TB = 1 trillion bytes

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39
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What do you call a group of bytes in which a specific data element such as an employee name is stored?

40
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What do you call a group of bytes in which a specific data element such as an employee name is stored?

41
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What do you call a collection of related records, often arranged in some kind of sequence (i.e. customer file made up of customer records and organized by customer number)?

42
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What do you call a collection of related records, often arranged in some kind of sequence (i.e. customer file made up of customer records and organized by customer number)?

43
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What addressed the issue with traditional file storage?

44
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What do you call an integrated collection of data records and data files?

45
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Is a DBMS a database?

A

NO (it’s a tool, a separate computer program that allows an organization to create new databases and use and work with the data in the databases after they have been created)

46
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Is a DBMS a database?

A

NO (it’s a tool, a separate computer program that allows an organization to create new databases and use and work with the data in the databases after they have been created)

47
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Give an example of a common DBMS.

A

Microsoft Access for PCs

48
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What are the four main functions of a DBMS?

A

1) Database development
2) Database query
3) Database maintenance
4) Application development

49
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What is database development?

A
  • Procedure by which a database admin uses the DBMS to create a new, empty dataase
50
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What is database query?

A

Process by which end users can retrieve specific info from the database

51
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What is database maintenance?

A

Updating of the DBMS software and the revision of the database structure to reflect new business needs

52
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What is database maintenance?

A

Updating of the DBMS software and the revision of the database structure to reflect new business needs

53
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of database stores detailed data needed to support the day-to-day operations of an organization?

A

Operational databases (e.g. customer databases)

54
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of databases store data and info extracted from operational databases?

A

Analytical databases

55
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of databases store data from current and previous years, often from both operational and analytical databases?

A

Data warehouses

56
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of databases are physically distributed in some manner on different pieces of local or remote hardware?

A

Distributed databases

57
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of databases are developed by end users at their workstations?

A

End-user databases (e.g. e-mail, internet downloads)

58
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What type of databases are developed by end users at their workstations?

A

End-user databases (e.g. e-mail, internet downloads)

59
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

In a relational database, what does referential integrity prevent?

A

Prevents the deleting of key values in related records (tables)

60
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Give an example of a modern programming lanaguage.

A

Java, Visual Basic, C, C++

61
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

Give an example of a modern programming language.

A

Java, Visual Basic, C, C++

62
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What does application software include?

A

Includes the diverse group of systems and programs that an organization uses to accomplish its objectives

63
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What does application software include?

A

Includes the diverse group of systems and programs that an organization uses to accomplish its objectives

64
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local access network

65
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software.

What do you call a group of interconnected computers, terminals, communications channels, communications processors, and communications software?

66
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

Define node

A

Any device connected to a network

67
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What do you call a node (usually a PC) that is operated by end users?

A

Workstation

68
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What do you call a node dedicated to providing services or resources to the rest of the network?

69
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What do you call a circuit board installed on a node that allows the node to connect with and communicate over the network?

A

Network interface card (NIC)

70
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What do you call the physical path b/w nodes on a network?

A

Transmission Media

71
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What do you call a system that manages communication over a network?

A

Network operating system

72
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What does NOS stand for?

A

Network operating system

73
Q

Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.

What device provides remote access and provides a network with the ability to communicate with others?

A

Communications devices/modems

74
Q

Telephone conversations are what type of signals?

A

Analog signals

75
Q

Computer communications are what type of signals?

A

Digital signals

76
Q

Computer communications are what type of signals?

A

Digital signals

77
Q

What is used to connect segments of a LAN which both use the same set of network protocols?

78
Q

What is used to connect segments of a LAN which both use the same set of network protocols?

79
Q

What does the topology of a network define?

A

Physical configuration of the devices and the cables that connect them

80
Q

What four topologies have been employed for LANs (and WANs)?

A
  • Bus
  • Ring
  • Star
  • Tree
81
Q

What four topologies have been employed for LANs (and WANs)?

A
  • Bus
  • Ring
  • Star
  • Tree
82
Q

If any of the devices in a bus topology are down, is the rest of the network affected?

A
  • YES (entire network is down b/c bus networks use a common backbone to connect all of the devices on the network)
83
Q

How are ring networks formed?

A
  • In a ring w/ each device connected to two other devices
84
Q

If any of the devices in a ring topology are down, is the rest of the network affected?

A
  • YES (entire network is down)
85
Q

Give an example of a star topology.

A
  • Home networks

- Telephone systems

86
Q

What is bandwidth?

A

A measure of a communication medium’s info carrying capacity

87
Q

What does FTP stand for?

A

File transport protocol (a network protocol used to exchange files)

88
Q

What is the name of the current version of IP with 32-bit addresses?

89
Q

Does SMTP provide inbound mail transport?

A

NO (simple mail transfer protocol provides outbound mail transport)

90
Q

Does SMTP provide inbound mail transport?

A

NO (simple mail transfer protocol provides outbound mail transport)

91
Q

True or false.

In the DBMS, the focus is on data rather than on a particular application. This leads to data independence, data standardization, one-time data entry, data security, and shared data ownership.

92
Q

True or false.

The file-oriented system focuses on individual applications, each with its own set of files and with each file physically separate from the other riles.

93
Q

True or false.

The file-oriented system focuses on individual applications, each with its own set of files and with each file physically separate from the other files.

94
Q

True or false.

The file-oriented system focuses on individual applications, each with its own set of files and with each file physically separate from the other files.

95
Q

True or false.

A modem is an example of computer software.

A

False (a modem is an e-device that allows signals to be sent over phone lines)

96
Q

True or false.

A modem is an example of computer software.

A

False (a modem is an e-device that allows signals to be sent over phone lines)

97
Q

True or false.

Virtual memory is memory where portions of a program that aren’t being executed are stored, but it is not real memory.

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