Business 4: IT Fundamentals Flashcards
1
Q
List the five main components of IT.
A
- People
- Data
- Hardware
- Software
- Networks
2
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What is a CPU (central processing unit)?
A
Control center of the computer system
3
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What are the two principal components of a CPU?
A
1) Processor
2) Primary storage
4
Q
In a CPU, what does a processor do?
A
- Interprets program instructions
- Coordinates input, output, and storage devices (the control unit)
- Performs arithmetic calculations (the arithmetic logic unit)
5
Q
In a CPU, what is the purpose of primary storage?
A
- Main memory
- Used to store program instructions and data until program instructions can be executed
6
Q
For personal computers, what is primary storage (main memory) further divided into?
A
- RAM (random access memory)
- ROM (read-only memory)
7
Q
What does RAM (random access memory) do?
A
- Stores data temporarily while it is being processed
8
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What is a CPU (central processing unit)?
A
Control center of the computer system
9
Q
What does RAM (random access memory) do?
A
- Stores data temporarily while it is being processed
10
Q
What does ROM (read-only memory) do?
A
Used to permanently store data needed to power the computer
11
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
Give an example of a secondary storage device.
A
- Hard drive
- Magnetic disk
- Flash drive
- CD-ROM discs
- Optical discs
- Magnetic tape
12
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
Secondary storage devices are a means to do what?
A
To permanently store programs and data
13
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What is often used for disk storage currently?
A
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
14
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What is the basic idea of RAID?
A
- To combine multiple inexpensive disk drives into an array of disk drives to obtain performance, capacity and reliability that exceed that of a single large disk drive
15
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What is the basic idea of RAID?
A
- To combine multiple inexpensive disk drives into an array of disk drives to obtain performance, capacity and reliability that exceed that of a single large disk drive
16
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What do you call devices that transfer data to or from the CPU but that do not take part in the actual processing of the data?
A
Peripherals (which include input and output devices)
17
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What do input devices do?
A
Supply the data to be process
18
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
Give an example of an input device.
A
- Keyboard
- Mice
- Scanner
- Magnetic ink character readers (MICR)
- Touch sensitive screens
- Microphones
19
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What do output devices do?
A
Transfer data from the processing unit to various output media
20
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
Give an example of an output device.
A
- printers
- speakers
- cathode ray tubes
- graphic printers
21
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
Give an example of an output device.
A
- printers
- speakers
- cathode ray tubes
- graphic printers
22
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What does MIPS stand for?
A
Millions of instructions per second
23
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Hardware.
What does MIPS stand for?
A
Millions of instructions per second
24
Q
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Software can be divided into what three broad categories?
A
1) System software
2) Programming languages
3) Application software
25
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What does system software consist of?
Programs that run the computer and support management operations
26
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What does system software consist of?
Programs that run the computer and support management operations
27
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of system provides the interface b/w the user and the hardware?
Operating system
28
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of system controls all input and output to main memory?
Operating system
29
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What does DBMS stand for?
Database management system
30
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
In organizations that employ mainframe and midrange computer systems, why is having a database management system software package important?
B/c it controls the development, use and maintenance of the databases used by the organization
31
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
In organizations that employ mainframe and midrange computer systems, why is having a database management system software package important?
B/c it controls the development, use and maintenance of the databases used by the organization
32
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Define bit w/r/t data storage.
a binary digit (0 or 1) with which all computer data is stored
33
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Define byte w/r/t data storage.
group of normally 8 bits that can rep a number or a letter, with the specific form dependent on what internal representation format is being used
34
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Sometimes bytes are called what?
Characters
35
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
How many bytes is 1KB?
1KB = 1,000 bytes
36
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
How many bytes is 1MB?
1MB = 1 million bytes
37
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
How many bytes is 1GB?
1GB = 1 billion bytes
38
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
How many bytes is 1TB?
1TB = 1 trillion bytes
39
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What do you call a group of bytes in which a specific data element such as an employee name is stored?
Field
40
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What do you call a group of bytes in which a specific data element such as an employee name is stored?
Field
41
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What do you call a collection of related records, often arranged in some kind of sequence (i.e. customer file made up of customer records and organized by customer number)?
File
42
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What do you call a collection of related records, often arranged in some kind of sequence (i.e. customer file made up of customer records and organized by customer number)?
File
43
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What addressed the issue with traditional file storage?
Databases
44
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What do you call an integrated collection of data records and data files?
Database
45
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Is a DBMS a database?
NO (it's a tool, a separate computer program that allows an organization to create new databases and use and work with the data in the databases after they have been created)
46
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Is a DBMS a database?
NO (it's a tool, a separate computer program that allows an organization to create new databases and use and work with the data in the databases after they have been created)
47
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Give an example of a common DBMS.
Microsoft Access for PCs
48
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What are the four main functions of a DBMS?
1) Database development
2) Database query
3) Database maintenance
4) Application development
49
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What is database development?
- Procedure by which a database admin uses the DBMS to create a new, empty dataase
50
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What is database query?
Process by which end users can retrieve specific info from the database
51
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What is database maintenance?
Updating of the DBMS software and the revision of the database structure to reflect new business needs
52
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What is database maintenance?
Updating of the DBMS software and the revision of the database structure to reflect new business needs
53
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of database stores detailed data needed to support the day-to-day operations of an organization?
Operational databases (e.g. customer databases)
54
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of databases store data and info extracted from operational databases?
Analytical databases
55
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of databases store data from current and previous years, often from both operational and analytical databases?
Data warehouses
56
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of databases are physically distributed in some manner on different pieces of local or remote hardware?
Distributed databases
57
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of databases are developed by end users at their workstations?
End-user databases (e.g. e-mail, internet downloads)
58
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What type of databases are developed by end users at their workstations?
End-user databases (e.g. e-mail, internet downloads)
59
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
In a relational database, what does referential integrity prevent?
Prevents the deleting of key values in related records (tables)
60
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Give an example of a modern programming lanaguage.
Java, Visual Basic, C, C++
61
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
Give an example of a modern programming language.
Java, Visual Basic, C, C++
62
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What does application software include?
Includes the diverse group of systems and programs that an organization uses to accomplish its objectives
63
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What does application software include?
Includes the diverse group of systems and programs that an organization uses to accomplish its objectives
64
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What does LAN stand for?
Local access network
65
Components of Computerized Systems - Software.
What do you call a group of interconnected computers, terminals, communications channels, communications processors, and communications software?
Network
66
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
Define node
Any device connected to a network
67
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What do you call a node (usually a PC) that is operated by end users?
Workstation
68
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What do you call a node dedicated to providing services or resources to the rest of the network?
Server
69
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What do you call a circuit board installed on a node that allows the node to connect with and communicate over the network?
Network interface card (NIC)
70
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What do you call the physical path b/w nodes on a network?
Transmission Media
71
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What do you call a system that manages communication over a network?
Network operating system
72
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What does NOS stand for?
Network operating system
73
Components of Computerized Systems - Software - LAN.
What device provides remote access and provides a network with the ability to communicate with others?
Communications devices/modems
74
Telephone conversations are what type of signals?
Analog signals
75
Computer communications are what type of signals?
Digital signals
76
Computer communications are what type of signals?
Digital signals
77
What is used to connect segments of a LAN which both use the same set of network protocols?
Bridge
78
What is used to connect segments of a LAN which both use the same set of network protocols?
Bridge
79
What does the topology of a network define?
Physical configuration of the devices and the cables that connect them
80
What four topologies have been employed for LANs (and WANs)?
- Bus
- Ring
- Star
- Tree
81
What four topologies have been employed for LANs (and WANs)?
- Bus
- Ring
- Star
- Tree
82
If any of the devices in a bus topology are down, is the rest of the network affected?
- YES (entire network is down b/c bus networks use a common backbone to connect all of the devices on the network)
83
How are ring networks formed?
- In a ring w/ each device connected to two other devices
84
If any of the devices in a ring topology are down, is the rest of the network affected?
- YES (entire network is down)
85
Give an example of a star topology.
- Home networks
| - Telephone systems
86
What is bandwidth?
A measure of a communication medium's info carrying capacity
87
What does FTP stand for?
File transport protocol (a network protocol used to exchange files)
88
What is the name of the current version of IP with 32-bit addresses?
IPv4
89
Does SMTP provide inbound mail transport?
NO (simple mail transfer protocol provides outbound mail transport)
90
Does SMTP provide inbound mail transport?
NO (simple mail transfer protocol provides outbound mail transport)
91
True or false.
In the DBMS, the focus is on data rather than on a particular application. This leads to data independence, data standardization, one-time data entry, data security, and shared data ownership.
True
92
True or false.
The file-oriented system focuses on individual applications, each with its own set of files and with each file physically separate from the other riles.
True
93
True or false.
The file-oriented system focuses on individual applications, each with its own set of files and with each file physically separate from the other files.
True
94
True or false.
The file-oriented system focuses on individual applications, each with its own set of files and with each file physically separate from the other files.
True
95
True or false.
A modem is an example of computer software.
False (a modem is an e-device that allows signals to be sent over phone lines)
96
True or false.
A modem is an example of computer software.
False (a modem is an e-device that allows signals to be sent over phone lines)
97
True or false.
Virtual memory is memory where portions of a program that aren't being executed are stored, but it is not real memory.
True
