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Nursing 337 > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

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1
Q

How are burns classified

A

Depth
Extent
Location
Patient Risk factors (diabetic, elder patient, pediatrics)

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2
Q

What is the epidermis

A

nonvascular protective outer layer

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3
Q

What is the dermis

A

lies beneath the epidermis

contains CT, and blood vessels, hair follicles, nerve endings, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

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4
Q

What is subcutaneous tissue

A

lies under the dermis
connects major vascular networks
fat
nerves and lymphatics

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5
Q

What are 1st degree burns

A

superficial partial thickness
sunburns
may have water blisters

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6
Q

What are 2nd degree burns

A

deep partial thickness

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7
Q

what are 3rd degree burns

A

full thickness

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8
Q

Characteristics of 1st degree burn

A

erythema (bright red), blanching, pain, water blisters only

may peal after 24 hours

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9
Q

What causes 1st degree burn

A

sunburn/flash burns

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10
Q

How do you treat 1st degree burn

A

Acetaminophen
Aloe vera gel
cool compress

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11
Q

Characteristics of second degree burns

A

epidermis and dermis involved

fluid-filled vesicles or blisters

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12
Q

What causes 2nd degree burns

A 
flames
scalds
chemicals
tar
contact burn
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13
Q

Initial Cleaning of 2nd degree burns

A 
remove clothing 
remove loose skin
remove blisters 
clean and disinfect
(may need surgical debridement/ skin grafting)
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14
Q

Modern treatment for 2nd degree burns and traditional

A 
hydrocolloids
hydrofiber
sillcone
alginate
polyurethane 
Traditional::
silvadene
paraffin gauze
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15
Q

Characteristics of 3rd degree burn

A

destruction of entire epidermis and dermis

dry and often painless

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16
Q

Define escharotomy

A

to release circumferential burn eschar and improve circulation to distal extremity

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17
Q

What is shock

A

a clinical syndrome involving impaired tissue perfusion and oxygenation

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18
Q

Burn Shock

A

state of hypovolemia that is life threatening and can begin 20 minutes ater injury
Evidenced by a severe drop in blood pressure and increased HR
- allow for an increased permeability

19
Q

Electrolyte shift following burns

A

increased intracellular sodium leading hyponatremia
decreased intracellular K
Na/K pumps damaged
Magnesium and calcium may be lost through leakage from damaged tissue

20
Q

define burn

A

an injury to the tissue of the body caused by heat, chemicals, electric current, radiation

21
Q

define thermal burns

A

caused by flame, flash, scald, or contact hot object

22
Q

The severity of thermal burns are dependent on?

A

the burning agent, and the duration of contact time

23
Q

define chemical burns

A

results of contact with acids, alkalis, and organic compound

24
Q

what are the three types of smoke and inhalation injuries?

A

metabolic asphyxiation
upper airway injury
lower airway injury

25
Q

Metabolic asphyxiation causes what?

A

oxygen delivery impairment or oxygen consumption by tissue impairment

26
Q

What are the consequences of metabolic asphyxiation

A

hypoxia and death when carbooxyhemoglobin has occurred

27
Q

upper airway injuries result from what?

A

inhalation injury to mouth, oropharynx, and or larynx

28
Q

Manifestation of upper airway injuries

A

redness, blistering, and edema (which can become lethal)

29
Q

lower airway injury results from what?

A

breathing in toxic chemicals or smoke

30
Q

where do lower airway injuries occur

A

trachea, bronchioles and alveoli

31
Q

Clinical manifestations of lower airway injury

A 
presence of facial burns or singed nasal or facial hair
dyspnea
carbonaceous sputum
wheezing
hoarseness
altered mental status
32
Q

When does pulmonary edema appear in lower airway injury

A

may not appear until 12-24 hours after the burn

33
Q

Define electrical burns

A

result from intense heat generated from an electric current

34
Q

consequences of electrical burns

A

damage to nerves and vessels, causing tissue anoxia and death

35
Q

The severity of electrical burns is dependent on what

A

amount of voltage, tissue resistance, current pathways, and amount of voltage

36
Q

Risks for patient who has suffered an electrical burn

A

dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, severe metabolic acidosis, and myoglobinuria

37
Q

Phases of burn management

A

emergent, acute and rehavilitative

38
Q

what is the greatest initial threat to a patient with major burns?

A

hypovolemic shock

39
Q

what is second spacing

A

when fluid moves into the interstitium following a burn

40
Q

what is third spacing

A

when fluid moves into areas that normally have minimal to no fluid

41
Q

how are RBC lost as a consequence of a burn

A

by hemolysis from free radicals
direct loss from the burn
thrombosis in capillaries

42
Q

what are the immunologic changes that occur as a result of a burn

A

skin barrier destroyed
bone marrow depression occurs
immunoglobins decreased

43
Q

what three organ systems are susceptible to complications during the emergent phase?

A

cardiovascular system
respiratory system
urinary system

44
Q

what is an escharotomy

A

incision through the full thickness of the burn

Nursing 337 (9 decks)

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