Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Surg 1 > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of burn?

A
  1. Superficial Partial thickness
  2. Deep Partial thickness
  3. Full thickness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe Superficial Partial thickness burn in the follow:

  • Appearance
  • Color
  • Pain
  • Depth
A
  • Skin intact; dry
  • Red
  • Pain present
  • Epidermis layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe Deep Partial thickness burn in the follow:

  • Appearance
  • Color
  • Pain
  • Depth
A
  • Skin not intact; blistering, moist
  • Red and Pink
  • very painful
  • Dermis layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe Full thickness burn in the follow:

  • Appearance
  • Color
  • Pain
  • Depth
A
  • Skin not intact; shiny, waxy, leathery
  • Red, Pink, yellow, white, black
  • No pain
  • Subcutaneous layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What four things to keep in mind for burn care?

A
  1. Avoid running as it can fan flames
  2. Avoid the use of ice/cold water (causes vasoconstriction, cool water for few mins is okay)
  3. Remove restrictive items (clothing, jewelry)*
  4. Leave skin open or cover w/ non-adhesive cloth to prevent infx and pain.

*unless items are burned onto the skin already

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which type of burn is the Rule of Nines used for?

A

2nd degree (Deep Parital) and 3rd degree (Full)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • What is the purpose of Rule of Nines?
A
  • Estimate the % of TBSA of burns.

Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is it considered a local vs systemic burn response?

A

Local < 20% > Systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three phases of Burn Care?

Include approximate days

A
  1. Emergent (Day 1 to 2)
  2. Acute (2 days to 2 months)
  3. Rehabilitation (3 months to 1 year)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the five priorties in order during the emergent phase of burn care?

A
  1. Impaired gas exchange or ineffective airway clearance
  2. Risk for Fluid and electrolytes Imbalance
  3. Compartment syndrome
  4. Hypothermia
  5. Acute pain

prioritized specfically in order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What three factors may impair gas exchange or airway clearance during the emergent phase of burns?

A
  1. Location of eschar
  2. Location of burn and smoke inhalation
  3. Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why would eschar cause impaired gas exchange?

A

As eschar loses moisture it begins to tighten; if located on chest it can prevent the expansion of the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are four possible objective measures of smoke inhalation?

A
  1. Soot in sputum
  2. Singed nose hairs
  3. Blisters on lips
  4. Hoarse voice
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What two possibilities can smoke inhalation lead to?

A
  1. Immediate risk of airway closing
  2. Delayed effect of ARDS

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are two effective ways to check for CO poisoning?

What is an ineffective way to check?

A
  1. Carboxyhemoglobin levels
  2. ABGs
  3. CO-Pulse oximetry

Pulse ox will not detect CO2 poisening; must use pulse CO oximeter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cherry red skin color can be indicative of what?

A

CO poisening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a treatment indicated for CO poisoning?

A

Hi-flow oxygen

nonrebreathing face mask

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is CO poisening a possibility w/ burns?

A

CO binds to hemoglobin with much greater affinity than oxygen, forming carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When is fluid loss the greatest during a burn?

A

Greatest fluid loss in first 12 hrs

20
Q
  1. Which electrolytes are monitored for burn victims?
  2. What are the risks?

Which is the main electrolyte?

A
  1. Potassium (risk for hyperkalemia)
  2. Sodium (risk for hyponatremia)

Hyperkalemia R/T cell destruction releasing K+ in blood stream

21
Q

What are the possible fluid imbalances of burn patients during the emergent phase?

A

Edema and hypovolemic shock

22
Q

What are the interventions for fluid & electrolyte imbalance for burn victims?

A
  1. Consider albumin*
  2. Isotonic IV (LR, NS)
  3. Monitor UO (foley cath)

*pulls fluid out of third spacing

23
Q

What is compartment syndrome?

A

Condition caused by too much pressure in the muscles can cause compression of blood vessels

24
Q

What are two symptoms of compartment syndrome?

A
  1. Severe pain
  2. Lack of pulse

Neurovascular checks

25
Q

What treatment may be required for compartment syndrome?

A

Fasciotomy

Incision to allow muscles to swell out instead of compressing vessels

26
Q

What are three interventions for hypothermia?

A
  1. Warmer room
  2. Warm IV fluid
  3. Bair hugger
27
Q

What 3 events are monitored in the “intermediate/acute phase of burn care”?

A
  1. Monitor signs for fluid overload (pulmonary edema, JVD)
  2. Septic shock R/T infection
  3. Delayed ARDS

Acute Respiratory Syndrome

28
Q

What are the main 5 concerns of “rehabilitation phase of burn care”?

A
  1. Risk of infection
  2. Imbalanced nutrition
  3. Acute pain
  4. Impaired physical mobility
  5. Ineffective psychosocial coping
29
Q

What are the three different skin grafts for burn care?
Where are they taken from?

A
  1. Autograft (self)
  2. Allograft (cadaver)
  3. Xenograft (animal)
30
Q

What are the nutrition requirements for burn care?

A

Increased caloric and protein intake

31
Q

Impaired physical mobility during rehabilitative care of burn patients increases risk of what?

A

Risk of contractures

32
Q

What difference in location may electrical burns be compared to thermal?

A

Internal organ damage may not be seen, electricity causes a burn where it exits the body, commonly on the feet, which are the “ground.”

33
Q

What are two concerns for patient with electrical burns?

A
  1. Cardiac monitored for dysrhythmias
  2. Rhabdomyolysis (damage to heart and kidneys)
34
Q

Rule of Nines: Full Head

Front and Back

A

Total 9%

35
Q

Rule of Nines: Anterior Torso

A

Total 18%

Thoracic and abdomen region

36
Q

Rule of Nines: Posterior Torso

A

Total 18%

Includes buttocks

37
Q

Rule of Nines: one Leg

A

Total 18%

two parts each 9% (anterior/posterior)

38
Q

Rule of Nines: one arm

A

Total 9%

Four parts each 4.5% (anterior/posterior)

39
Q

Rule of Nines: perineal

A

Total 1%

40
Q

What would the nurse anticipate before debridement?

A

Give prophylaxis pain medication 30 mins before

Debridement is very painful

41
Q

What are two signs of rhabdomyolysis?

A
  1. Dark colored urine
  2. massively elevated serum creatine (CK) levels*

R/T muscle tissue breakdown

42
Q

When can ARDS occurs?

A

Between 6 to 72 hours and even as late a week.

43
Q

What are the five S/Sx of ARDS

A
  1. White patching on CXR
  2. Decreased lung compliance
  3. Refractory hypoxemia
  4. Alveolar hemorrhage
  5. Atelectasis
44
Q

Which skin grafting has the greatest risk for rejection and infection

A

Xenograft

45
Q

What are direct causes of ARDS?

A

Any direct injury on pulmonary (COVID)
Septic shock

Med Surg 1 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions