Burn Trauma

Question 1

Denature

Answer 1

Alter the usual substance of something

Question 2

Basic types of burns

Answer 2

Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Radiation

Question 3

Zone of coagulation

Answer 3

Area in burn nearest the heat source that suffers the most damage and is characterized by clotted blood and thrombosed blood vessels

Question 4

Layers of the skin

Answer 4

Epidermis (outermost layer)
Dermis (layer beneath the epidermis)
Subcutaneous tissue ( fatty layer beneath the dermis)

Question 5

Zone of stasis

Answer 5

Area in a burn surrounding the zone of coagulation that is characterized by decreased blood flow

Question 6

Zone of Hyperemia

Answer 6

Area peripheral to a burn that is characterized by increased blood flow

Question 7

Effects of Heat according to Jackson’s Theory of Thermal Wounds

Zone of coagulation

Answer 7

Most damaged area nearest heat source; cell membranes rupture and are destroyed, blood coagulates, structural proteins denature

Question 8

Effects of Heat according to Jackson’s Theory of Thermal Wounds

Zone of stasis

Answer 8

Adjacent to most damaged region; inflammation present, blood flow decreased

Question 9

Effects of Heat according to Jackson’s Theory of Thermal Wounds

Zone of Hyperemia

Answer 9

Area farthest from heat source; limited inflammation and changes in blood flow

Question 10

Emergent phase

Answer 10

1st stage of the burn process that is characterized by a catecholamine release and pain mediated reaction

Question 11

Fluid shift phase

Answer 11

Stage of the burn process in which there is a massive shift of fluid from the intravascular to the extravascular space.

Question 12

Intravascular space

Answer 12

The volume contained by all the arteries, veins, capillaries, and other components of the circulatory system

Question 13

Hyper metabolic phase

Answer 13

Stage of the burn process in which there is increased body metabolism in an attempt by the body to heal the body to heal the burn

Question 14

Resolution phase

Answer 14

Final stage of the burn process in which scar tissue is laid down and the healing process is completed

Question 15

Ampere

Answer 15

Basic unit for measuring the strength of an electric current

Question 16

Ohm’s law

Answer 16

The physical law identifying that the current in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance

Question 17

Joule’s Law

Answer 17

The physical law stating that the rate of heat production is directly proportional to the resistance of the circuit and to the square of the current

Question 18

Phases of the body’s response to burns

Answer 18

Emergent phase
Fluid shift phase
Hyper metabolic phase
Resolution phase

Question 19

Processes of chemical burns

Acids

Answer 19

Usually form a thick, insoluble mass where they contact tissue through coagulation necrosis, limiting burn damage

Question 20

Processes of chemical burns

Alkalis

Answer 20

Usually continue to destroy cell membranes through liquefaction necrosis, allowing them to penetrate underlying tissue and causing deeper burns

Question 21

Coagulation necrosis

Answer 21

The process in which an acid, while destroying tissue, forms an insoluble layer that limits further damage

Question 22

Liquefaction necrosis

Answer 22

The process in which an alkali dissolves and liquefies tissue

Question 23

Ionization

Answer 23

The process of changing a substance into separate charged particles (ions)

Question 24

Alpha Radiation

Answer 24

Low-Level form of nuclear radiation; a weak source of energy that is stopped by clothing or the first layers of skin.

Question 25

Beta Radiation

Answer 25

Medium - strength radiation that is stopped with light clothing or the uppermost layers of skin

Question 26

Gamma Radiation

Answer 26

Powerful electromagnetic radiation emitted by radioactive substances with powerful penetrating properties; it is stronger than alpha and beta radiation. Similar to X-Rays, which are usually less energetic

Question 27

Neutron radiation

Answer 27

Powerful radiation with penetrating properties between that of beta and gamma radiation

Question 28

Types of Radiation

Answer 28

Alpha- very weak, stopped by paper, clothing or the epidermis Beta - more powerful than alpha, can travel 6 to 10 feet through air ; can penetrate some clothing and the 1st few millimeters of skin Gamma - most powerful ionizing radiation; great penetrating power; protection requires thick concrete or lead shielding Neutron - great penetrating power, but uncommon outside nuclear reactors and bombs

Question 29

Factors Affecting Exposure to Radiation

Answer 29

Duration of exposure Distance from the source Shielding from the source

Question 30

Rad

Answer 30

Basic unit of absorbed radiation dose

Question 31

Gray

Answer 31

A unit of absorbed radiation dose equal to 100 rads

Question 32

Supraglottic

Answer 32

Referring to the upper airways

Question 33

Subglottic

Answer 33

Referring to the lower airway

Question 34

Depth of Burn

Answer 34

Superficial (1st degree) - involves only the epidermis; produces pain, minor edema, erythema ( redness) Partial thickness (2nd degrees) - involves epidermis and dermis, produces pain, edema, erythema, blisters Full thickness burn (3rd degree burns) - involves all skin layers and possibly structures beneath; painless , but tissues is destroyed; white, brown, or charred, leather like appearance

Question 35

Superficial burn

Answer 35

A burn that involves only the epidermis; characterized by reddening of the skin; 1st degree burn

Question 36

Greatest risk for serious burns

Answer 36

Very young and old Infirm Workers

Question 37

National decline in burn mortality

Answer 37

Improved building codes Safer construction techniques Sprinkler systems Smoke detector use