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Module 3 > Blunt Trauma > Flashcards

Blunt Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

Inertia

A

Tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an external force

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2
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to do work in the strict physical sense

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3
Q

Acceleration

A

The rate at which speed or velocity increase

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4
Q

Deceleration

A

The rate at which speed or velocity decreases

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5
Q

Kinetics

A

The branch of physics that deals with motion, taking into consideration mass, velocity, and force

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6
Q

Kinetic energy

A

The energy of an object in motion

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7
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the matter that an object contains; the property of a physical body that gives the body inertia

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8
Q

Velocity

A

The rate of motion in a particular direction in relation to time.

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9
Q

Forces of blunt trauma

A

Compression
Stretch
Shear

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10
Q

Events of vehicle collision

A 
Vehicle collision
Body Collision
Organ collision
Secondary collisions
Additional impacts
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11
Q

Types of vehicle impact

A 
Oblique
Frontal
Lateral
Rear-end
Rollover
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12
Q

Mechanisms associated with frontal impacts

A

Restrained pathway
Up and over pathway
Down and under pathway
Ejection

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13
Q

Crumple zone

A

The region of a vehicle designed to absorb the energy of impact

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14
Q

Oblique

A

Having a slanted position or direction

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15
Q

Exsanguination

A

Blood loss sufficient to cause death

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16
Q

Oxidizer

A

An agent that enhances combustion of a fuel

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17
Q

Mechanisms associated with blasts

A 
Pressure wave
Blast wind
Projectiles
Personnel displacement
Confined space explosions and structural collapses
Burns
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18
Q

Pressure wave

A

Area of over pressure that radiates outward from an explosion

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19
Q

Over pressure

A

A rapid increase, then decrease, in atmospheric pressure created by an explosion

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20
Q

Blast wind

A

The air movement caused by the heated and pressurized products of en explosion move outward

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21
Q

Ordnance

A

Military weapons and munitions

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22
Q

Flechettes

A

Arrow-shaped projectiles found in some military ordnance

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23
Q

Blast injury types

A

Primary - caused by heat of explosion and over pressure wave
Secondary - caused by blast projectiles
Tertiary - caused by personnel displacement and structural collapse

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24
Q

Incendiary

A

An agent that combusts easily or creates combustion

25
Q

Emboli

A

Undissolved solid, liquid, or gaseous matter in the bloodstream that may cause blockage of blood vessels

26
Q

Dyspnea

A

Labored or difficult breathing

27
Q

Hemoptysis

A

Coughing of blood that originates in the respiratory tract

28
Q

Pneumothorax

A

A collection of air in the pleural space

29
Q

Tension pneumothorax

A

Pressure builds because there is no way for the air to escape, causing lung collapse.

30
Q

The most common cause of trauma death and disability is

A

Blunt trauma

31
Q

Biomechanics of trauma

A

Energy exchange that damages human tissue

32
Q

Axial loading

A

Application of the forces of trauma along the axis of the spine; this often results in compression fractures of the spine

33
Q

Incendiary

A

An agent that combusts easily or creates combustion

34
Q

The two basic principles of kinetics are the

A

Laws of inertia

Energy conservation

35
Q

Newtons first law of motion

A

A body in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.

A body at rest will remain at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

36
Q

The law of energy conservation

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. It can be only changed from one form to another

37
Q

Newton’s second law

A

Force = Mass (weight) x Acceleration (or Deceleration) \ 2

38
Q

Traumas divided into two basic categories

A

Blunt trauma and penetrating trauma

39
Q

Blunt trauma

A

Kinetic energy forces, but not the object, enter the body and damage tissue

40
Q

Compression injury

A

Blunt impact abruptly halts a portion of the body while inertia causes the remaining anatomy to continue its motion

41
Q

Stretch injury

A

The opposite of compression

-Protein fibers that hold tissues together are pulled or injured or torn.

42
Q

Shear injury

A

Occurs along edges of the impacting force or at organ attachments.
As the impacting force slows a part of the body, tissue along the impact border continues its motion

43
Q

The most common type of impact

A

Frontal

44
Q

A large portion of vehicular deaths are attributed to the

A

Up and over pathway

45
Q

Paper bag syndrome

A

Compression of the chest against the steering column

46
Q

The oblique impact contains four subcategories

A

Left front
Right front
Left rear
Right rear

47
Q

The four major motorcycle impacts are

A

Frontal
Angular
Sliding
Ejection

48
Q

Ejection with motorcyclist may result in

A

Initial bike/object collision
Rider/object impact
Rider/ground impact

49
Q

Laws of physics

A

Inertia
Force
Energy conservation

50
Q

Penetrating trauma

A

Object physically enter body; directly or indirectly injures tissues

51
Q

In pedestrian collisions adults

A

Turn away from oncoming vehicles; lateral surface impacted

52
Q

In pedestrian collisions children

A

Turn toward oncoming vehicle

53
Q

The most common form of blunt trauma

A

Fall

54
Q

Primary blast injury

A

Caused by heat of explosion and over pressure wave

55
Q

Secondary blast injury

A

Trauma caused by projectiles

56
Q

Tertiary blast injury

A

Personnel displacement and structural collapse

57
Q

Quarternary blast injury

A

Any other injury including crush injuries, burns, asphyxia, toxic exposure, excerbations, or pre-existing chronic illness

58
Q

Most common life threatening trauma with explosions

A

Lung injury

Module 3 (9 decks)

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