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Principles II > Burn > Flashcards

Burn Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of burns?

A

Heat, electrical, friction, chemical, radiation

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2
Q

What 3 things is the depth of injury related to with heat burns?

A
  1. Contact temp
  2. Duration of contact
  3. Thickness of skin
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3
Q

How does electricity cause burns?

A

Electrical energy is transformed to heat when electrical current passes through body tissue.

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4
Q

Why are electrical burns one of the most devastating?

A

Because it travels through the body, usually through the heart, and disrupts membrane potentials. This leads to deadly arrhythmias.

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5
Q

What 3 things is the magnitude of electrical burns dependent on?

A
  1. The pathway of the current.
  2. The resistance to current flow.
  3. The strength and duration of current flow.
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6
Q

How do chemicals cause burns?

A

The alter pH depending on the compound and disrupt cell membranes.

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7
Q

How do acids cause necrosis?

A

Through coagulation

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8
Q

How do bases cause necrosis?

A

Through liquefaction

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9
Q

What are 4 common examples of radiation burns?

A

Sunburns, therapeutic radiation, diagnostic procedures, nuclear industry workers.

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10
Q

How long does it take for burns to fully develop?

A

24 - 72 hours

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11
Q

What populations typically have deeper burns due to thin skin?

A

Adults > 55 and children < 5

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12
Q

A burn involving only the epidermis is what class?

A

Superficial 1st degree

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13
Q

How long does a superficial burn take to heal?

A

3-6 days

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of a superficial partial thickness burn?

A
  • Epidermis & part of the dermis
  • mottled red
  • blisters and weeping
  • very painful
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15
Q

How long does a superficial partial thickness burn take to heal?

A

10-14 days

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of a deep partial thickness burn?

A
  • Extends deep into the dermis
  • pale
  • requires skin graft
17
Q

How long does a deep partial thickness burn take to heal?

A

21-28 days

18
Q

What are the characteristics of a full thickness burn?

A
  • Dermis is destroyed
  • translucent, dry, painless, charred
  • non-blanching
  • requires grafting
19
Q

What is the breakdown for the rule of nine’s in an adult?

A

Head = 9%
Each arm = 9%
Each leg = 18%
Ant. Trunk = 18%
Post. Trunk = 18%
Perineum = 1%

20
Q

What is the most significant difference between adult rule and infant of nine’s?

A

The head of an infant is 21% instead of 9%

21
Q

How accurate is the rule of nine’s?

A

60% - 70% due to differing depths of burns.

22
Q

What is the palmar method?

A

The patients palm with fingers together = 1% of BSA

23
Q

At what BSA burned does metabolic rate double?

A

> 40% BSA burned.

24
Q

At what BSA burned do patients develop burn shock?

A

> 20% BSA

25
Q

What is auto-cannibalism and what does it cause?

A

A hypermetabolic state

Loss of fat and lean body mass, gloconeogenesis, lipolysis, insulin resistance

26
Q

How is carbohydrate metabolism affected by burn shock?

A

An increase in cortisol, catecholamines, and glucagon result in accelerated hepatic gloconeogenesis and peripheral insulin resistance from impaired intracellular glucose transport.

27
Q

What causes accelerated lipolysis in burn patients and how do we treat it?

A

Beta stimulation

W/ beta blocker

28
Q

At what BSA do we need to be more aggressive with fluid resuscitation?

A

> 15%

29
Q

What is the parkland formula for fluid resuscitation?

A

4 ml/kg/% BSA

1/2 given in first 8 hours, 1/2 given in next 16 hours

30
Q

What is the U.S. Army ISR rule of 10?

A

10 ml/hr x TBSA (%)

If > 80 kg, add 100 mL for every 10 kg

Ex: if pt 100 kg and 40% burned
10 ml/hr x 40 = 400 ml/hr
400 + 200 = 600 mL /hr

31
Q

How is the U.S. Army ISR rule adjusted for pediatric pts?

A

3 x TBSA (%) x kg = vol for 24 hours

Give 1/2 in first 8 hours, 1/2 in next 16 hrs

32
Q

What amount of fluid given is considered excessive?

A

1500 ml/hr or 250 ml/kg in 24 hours

Principles II (6 decks)

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