Burgundy Flashcards
Number of village wines
44
Number of premier cru
662
Number of Grand Cru
33
year consolidated from 100 to 84 app
2017
Rank in France for AOCs
1
Rivers used for trading
Saone, Rhone, Seine, Loire
how many Dukes before merged into France
4
Dukes in order of rule
Phillipe the Bold
John the Fearless
Phillippe the Good
Charles the Rash
How much more expensive wine in 17thCentury
10x
Who gave right for Gevrey to append village name. what was village.
King Louis-Phillippe 1847
Chambertin
First wine auction where
Hospice de Beaune 1859
What org did first vineyard classification
Agricultural Committee of Beaune
1861
% white wine
60%
red and rose %
29%
cremant %
11%
% wine exported
50%
% of overall production ? % revenue ?
4.5%, 21%
cases produced
15.5M
Part of what region
Bourgogne-Franche-Comte
3 admin departments
Yonne
Cote d’Or
Saone-et-Loire
Climate ?
Influence in North ? South ?
Continetal
Ocean
Med
Saone river influence
None
Length North to South
140 mi
Climate threats
Spring frost, summer hail
Differential in bud break South to North
1 week
Differential in harvest South to North
early sept vs late sept
What geo formation does it sit on
Paris basin
Oldest marine deposits located where ?
Maconnais
Youngest marine deposits located where ?
Chablis
Where is granite massif ?
Beaujolais
Soil other than granite is what type
sedimentary
Cote dOr soil type
Colluvial
Crests of Cote d’Or produces what Cru?
Hautes Cotes de Beaune / Nuits
Top of slopes in Cote ‘dOR which Cru
Premier
Bottom of Cote d’Or slope which AOCs
Village
Causes for different soil types in close areas
faulting
Pinot Noir ideal soil
limestone or mari with hi limestone
Chardonnay ideal soil
marl
Which grapes added to occasional blend / field blend?
Pinot Blanc / Gris
3 wines typically delivered as blend
Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains
Cremant de Bourgogne
Coteaux Bourguignons
Aligote AOCs
Bouzeron
Bourgogne Aligote
% wine other than Cha, P. Noir, Gamay, Aligote
1%
White grapes allowed (6)
Chardonnay
Aligote
Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot blanc
Sacy
Melon
Rose / Gris Grapes (2)
Pinot Gris
Sauvignon Gris
Syn for Pinot Gris
Pinot Beurot
Typical use of Pinot Gris
Allowed in limits for many appellations
Marsannay and Bourgogne Rose can be 100% but not common
Red Grapes (3)
Pinot Noir
Gamay
Cesar
Where can Cesar be used
Yonne department and Irancy
Where can Gamay be a primary grape outside of Beaujolais ? how sole grape ?
Macon reds and roses
Sole grape where Macon wine carries the denomination geographique complementaire
Where must fruit be sourced from for Bourgogne Gamay
10 Beaujolais Cru vineyards
Most common training method
Guyot
What is Lutte Raisonee
REasoned fight common farming practice
Adoption of organic farming
8.6%
Notable Biodynamics
DRC and Leflaive
Where is machine harvesting used
Chablis and Maconnais
Where is handpicking dominant
Cote d’Or
Where is mix of hand and machine
Cote Chalonnaise
how much has budbreak moved forward
10 days
What is the hail shield
cloud seeding with silver oxide
How is frost mitigated
straw fires in vineyards to create smoke
Where is steel ferment and steel/neutral vats maturation of white common
Chablis , Maconnais
Where is oak maturation common for white
Cote d’Or or Chalonnaise at Village level or higher
Where is oak maturation common for white. % of new oak typical ?
Cote d’Or or Chalonnaise at Village level or higher
20%-50%
Causes of premox
certain clones, fully ripe fruit, less sulfur, less battonage
Chardonnay versus warmer climate
less fruit, aroma, ABV, oak
more acid (structure), mineral
Changes to Pinot Noir vini, result
whole cluster addition. brighter flavor
Extraction method changes for pinot
Open top vats with punch down, now pump over
Extraction method changes for pinot
Open top vats with punch down, now pump over and shorter macerations
Time in barrel for classified Pinot in Cote d’Or and Chalonnaise
12-18 month, some new oak
Pinot characteristics versus warmer climate
Less pigment, tannin, fruit, ABV, oak
More structure and spice
Where is Rose produced
Regional AOCs and MArsannay
Regional Apps for sparkling
Cremant de Bourgo
Bourgo Mousseux
MT
How many regional AOC for specialty
4
Bourgongne AOC
Styles
White (p) 2
Red(p) 1
Rose(s) 1
Red (s) 2
dry white red rose
Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc
Pinot Noir
Pinot Gris
Gamay from B. Cru
Cesar
Bourgogne AOC
Red req
White req
Rose aka / req
if 85% Gamay req
If Cesar included where allowed ?
typical 100% pinot noir but can contain any, if Gamay must be from B Cru.
typical 100% chard but can contain any
typical 100 Pinot noir but can contain any like Red. Clairet
must label Bourgougne Gamay
Bourgogne AOC
how many DGCs
newest ? styles allowed in ? loc ?
13
Cotes du Couchois, red, west of Cote Chalonnais
Coteaux Borguignons AOC
styles
white(p) 4
Red(p) 3
Rose (p) 1
fka
known as ?
dry red, white, rose
chard, pinot blanc, melon, Aligote
pinot noir, gamay, cesar (yonne)
pinot gris
Bourgo Grand Ordinaire
Most general Regional AOC
Coteaux Borguignons AOC
grapes in Rose allowed?
other grapes allowed if planted before 2009
all red plus pinot gris
Sacy, Tressor
Macon AOC
styles
white(p) 1
Red (p) 2
# DGC white / red(rose)
req for DGC red
styles allowed villages
dry white, red, rose
chardonnay
pinot noir, gamay
26 / 20
100 Gamay
white only
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC
styles
white(p)5
red(p)2
rose(p)1
Which grapes most common (4)
sparkling white / rose
chardonnay, pinot blanc, melon, aligote, sacy
pinot noir, gamay
pinot gris
chard, pinot noir, pinot blanc, pinot gris
Cremant de Bourgogne AOC
Premier styles (2)
age req
grapes allowed white / rose
juice req
style allowed ? abv ?
Eminent, Grand Eminent
Eminent 24 , GE 36, 3 in bottle post disgorge
GE chard / pinot noir , 20% gamay in rose
GE first 75%
GE Brut, 10%, 1.5% dosage
Bourgogne Mousseux AOC
style
white(s) 4
red(p) 3
rose(s) 1
method, age, min atm
sparkling red
chardonnay, aligote, melon, pinot blanc
gamy, pinot noir, cesar (yonne)
pinot gris
MT, 9 mos, 3.5
Bourgogne Aligote AOC
style
white(p) 1
req
dry white
aligote
100%
Bourgogne Passe-Tout-Grains AOC
style
white(s) 2
red(p)2
rose(s)1
min reqs / grapes / assemblage options
red, rose
chardonnay, pinot blanc
Gamay, pinot noir
pinot gris
30% p noir, 15% gamay, others allowed if in field blend
Where can varietal labeling be used
regional AOCs only
Regional AOC production in order
Bourgogne 39%
Macon 25%
Cremant 19%
Aligote 11%
Bourguignons 2%
Bourgo Passe-Tout 1%
% of Bourgogne prod that is regional AOC
50%
% of Production that is Villages
37%
% of production that is Premier Cru
10%
% of prod that is Grand Cru
1%
how many village AOC
44
Can Climat appear on village wine
yes if from single vineyard
Is Premier Cru single or multiple climat
single or multiple
For Premier Cru single climat what is on label to identify
village and climat
For multi climat Premier Cru what is label and wine rule
on label premier Cru and village only
wine must be blend of Premier Cru vineyards from thev village
Grand Cru label rule ? exception ?
Only name of the vineyard and “Grand Cru” except for Chablis
Sub-regions of Bourgogne
Chablis, Grand Auxerrois, Chatillions
Cote’ D’Or
Cote Chalonnais
Maconais
Chablis, Grand Auxerrois, Chatillonnais
styles
characteristics (4)
Climate / threat
Warmer area
Soils (Chablis , others)
red, white
lean, racy acid, saline, mineral
Continental with oceanic influence. frost
Chablis slightly
K Marl, Portlandian
Chablis, Grand Auxerrois, Chatillonnais
Chabls loc, styles
Grand Auxerrois loc styles
Chatillonnais loc styles
Around Serein River, white
Towns: Auxerre, Tonnerre, Vezeley, Joigny / 60,40 white red
East of Chablis, Cremant
Chablis Apps (3)
Grand Cru, Chablis AOC, Petite Chablis
Chablis Grand Cru AOC
white(p) 1, style
loc
soil
Climats
Chard, white dry
Hill East of village
K Marl
Blanchot, Bougros, Grenouilles, Le Clos, Preuses, Vaudesir, Valmur
Chablis AOC
style, white(p)1
loc, vineyard locs, locs for PC vineayrds
# umbrella PC, # total
Soil
dry white, chard
around town, slopes / plains, banks of river
17 / 40
k Marl
Petit Chablis AOC
style, white(p)1
vineyard locs, soil
dry white, chard
hilltops, flats / portlandian
La Moutonne
straddles which GC vineyards
Monopole of ?
Vaudesir , Preuses
Domain Long-Depaquit
Grand Auxerrois Apps (3)
Sanit-Bris
Irancy
Vezeley
Saint-Bris AOC
style
white(p)1, rose(s)1
loc
soil
dry white
s blanc, sauv gris
80 mi east of sancerre
k marl and portlandian
Irancy AOC
style
Red(p)1, red(s)1, rose(s)1
typical assemblage
soil
dry red
pinot noir, cesar, pinot gris
mostly pinot plus small amount of others
K marl
Vezeley AOC
style
white(p)1
soil
how long wine region
dry white, chard
clay / limestone
since Roman
Chantillonais
common style
Grapes
loc
regional Cremant
P Noir, Gamay, Chard, Aligote
NW of Dijon, E of Tonnerre
How many regional AOC
7
Chablis, Grand Auxerrois, Chatillonnais %s
Chablis
Petit Chablis
Chablis Premier Cru
Saint Bris
Irancy
Chablis GC
Vezeley
58%
19%
14%
3%
3%
2%
1%
Cote D’Or name from?
Golden slope
leaves turning gold in fall or concat of Cote and Orientale
What is the Route des Grand Cru
Road from Dijon to Santannay passing 24 GCs
Route D974
Cote de Nuits
length, town at N at S end
Route des GC here called ?
Vineyard aspect
Soil
Climate
12 miles
Dijon, Corgoloin
Champs Elysees de Bourgogne
East
Limestone, Limestone rich marl
Continental
Cote di Nuits
production red vs white
style / exception ?
almost all red
structured dark berry, earth, spice
Chambolle-Musigny perfumed silken
Rose produced where in Cote di Nuit
Marsannay
Cote di Nuit Grapes unless otherwise
white(p or s)2
red(p)1
rose(s)1
chardonnay, pinot blanc
pinot noir
pinot gris
Marsannay AOC
# GC, PC
styles
% of prod
grapes
noted for ?
0, 0
red, white, rose
12%
p - chard, pinot blanc
p - pinot noir
p - pinot gris
Rose of Pinot Noir / Gris
Fixin AOC
GC, PC
styles
prod red vs white
climate influence
% prod
past note
0, 6
dry red white
mostly red
wind break at west
5%
highly regarded over Gevrey
Gevrey- Chambertin AOC
GC, PC
styles
% of vineyards PC
when did vineyard name append
9, 26
red
20%
1847
Most GCs AOC
Gevrey-Chambertin
Largest Village AOC
Gevrey-Chambertin
Cote di Nuit GC Prod %
14%
Morey-Sait-Denis AOC
PC, GC
styles
white(p) 3, where exception ?
how marketed before AOC structure
20, 5 (1 shared with Chambolle)
dry white, red
Aligote in Climat Monts Luisands
Gevrey or Chambolle
where are most modern clones from (GC)
Clos de la Roche
what GC is shared between Moret-Saint-Denis and Chambolle
Bonne -Mares
Chambolle-Musigny AOC
PC, GC
styles
% prod in C de N
24, 2 (1 shared)
red
8%
How many regional AOC
7
Which GCs approved for both white and red
Musigny and Corton
Which AOC style known as silk and lace
Chambolle-Musigny
Vougeot AOC
PC, GC
styles
% prod from GC / Other
% prod in C de N
4, 1
dry white, red
75%
1%
Smallest prod AOC in Cote de Nuit
Vougeot
Vosne-Romanee AOC
PC, GC
styles
Monopole GCs
% prod C de N
wine described as ?
24, 8
red
La Romanee, DRC, La Tache, La Grande Rue
8%
iron fist in velvet glove
What is Vosne-Romanee called ? by who ?
Pearl of the Cote, Meadows
Nuits St Geroge AOC
PC, GC
styles
prod % from PC
Flagship PC
% of C de N
41, 0
dry white red
45%
St George
16%
Cote de Nuit Villages AOC
styles
shared by which villages
red vs white
north vs south village characteristics
dry white, red
Fixin, Brouchon, Premeaux, Comblanchin, Corgoloin
mostly red
N - chalky tannins acid
S - soft earth spice
Cote de Beaune
runs from N to S villages
vineyard aspects
escarpment compared to C de N
Soil
Prod white versus red
Ladoix-Serrigny to Maranges
SE
softer
Limestone, LS rich marl
2/3 white
Cote de Beaune
White / red characteristics
where richer reds (4)
white (p or s) 2
red (p)
rose (s)
whites rich to taut / fresh
red lighter than c de N
Pommard, Volnay, Beaune, Aloxe-Corton
chardonnay, pinot blanc
Pinot noir
pinot gris
Hill of Corton
Apps
GCs
Ladoix AOC, Aloxe-Corton AOC, Pernand, Vergelesses AOC
Corton(red/white)
Corton - Charlemagne (white)
Charlemagne (white)
Ladoix AOC
PC, GC
styles
which village can use the AOC
most common AOC used by village
GCs
11, 2
dry white red
Ladoix-Serrigny
C de Beaune Village
Corton, Corton-Charl
Aloxe-Corton AOC
PC, GC
styles
GCs
% across GCs
14, 3
dry red white
Corton, Corton-Charl, Charl
73% Corton, Corton-Charl
Which Corton area village demands highest price
Aloxe-Corton AOC
Pernand-Vergelesses AOC
PC, GC
styles
loc on corton hill
Village popularity ?
GCs
8, 3
dry white red
SW slope of corton hill
overlooked
Corton, Corton-Charl, Charl
Apps around Beaune
how many
named
modifier in name meaning
4
Chory-les-B, Savogny-les-B, Beaune, Cote de B
les mean at the side
Chorey-les-Beaune AOC
PC, GC
loc relative to village
soil note
% prod to C de B villages
characteristis
0, 0
North on plains
alluvial top dressing
50%
easy affordable
Savigny-les-Beaune AOC
PC, GC
styles
geo feature
aspects and effects
most vineyards where ? how many PCs there ?
red vs white
22, 0
dry white red
Rhoin river bisects vineayards
S facing on Mount Battois - structured / generous
N facing on Bois de Noel - finer/elegant
Bois de Noel, 12
mostly red
Beaune AOC
PC, GC
styles
prod red vs white, % PC
vineyard loc relative to town, aspect ? % PCs there
42,0
dry white red
mostly red. 75%
West. SE, 100%
What city houses the Negociants and their cellars
Beaune
Cote de Beaune AOC
PC, GC
styles
loc relative to town
prod red / white
0, 0
dry white red
hi altitude area around town
50/50
Pommard AOC
pc, GC
styles
Soil
wine characteristics as result of soil
28, 0
red only
clay and active limestone / hi limestone
structure and drainage for nutrient access similar to C de N - powerful wine
Volnay AOC
PC, GC
style
% PC prod
wine characteristics
29, 0
red
60%
soft supple
What AOC has most ancient description ? by who ? waht grape ?
Volnay. 1300s Knights of malta, Pinot Gris
4 overlooked quality AOCs to the west
Monthelie
Sanit Romain
Auxey-Duresses
Saint Aubin
Monthelie AOC
PC, GC
style
prod red vs white
Loc relative to other AOCs
historical grape
15,0
dry white red
mostly red
surrounded by Volnay, Mersault, SAint Romain
Gamay
Saint - Romain AOC
PC, GC
style
red vs white
vineyard loc, effect on wine
0,0
dry white red
2/3 white
in side valley, hi elevation, no E or S exposure
more chablis like
what is smallest prod AOC in C de B
Saint-Romain
Auxey-Duresses AOC
PC, GC
style
loc relative to main Cote
vineyard aspect
red vs white
white style
9, 0
dry white red
away
east
2/3 red
lighter version of Mersault
Saint-Aubin AOC
PC, GC
style
red vs white
vineyard loc ? which other AOC ?
note prod increase last 40 years
% vineyards PC
30, 0
dry white /red
80% white
back side of Montrachet hill
600%
75%
Which 3 Cote de Beaune apps specialize in white
Mersault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne Montrachet
Mersault AOC
PC, GC
styles
Loc re: other AOCs
red vs white %
% PC
19, 0
dry white red
SE of Auxey-Duresses and Monthelie
96.5% white
25%
What did Kramer say about Mersault
If gold were a flavor it would be Mersault
Largest wine production village in Cote d’Or ? # of producers.
Mersault, 120
Puilgny-Montrachet AOC
PC, GC
style
vineyard locs
red vs white
17, 4
dry white red
most of Montrachet hill
mostly white
Puligny-Montrachet GCs
Montrachet (s)
Batard-Montrachet (s)
Bienvenues-Batard-Mont
Chevalier-Mont
What AOC has water table too high for cellars
Puligny-Mont
Chassagne-Montrachet AOC
PC, GC
styles
reds compared to ?
red vs white
GCs
55, 3
dry white red
Nuits-St-George
2/3 white
Montrachet(s)
Batard-Montrachet(s)
Criots Batard-Montrachet
Blagny AOC
PC, GC
style
loc re: other AOCs
Reds labeled as ?
Whites labeled as ?
7, 0
dry red
straddles Mersault and P-Mont
Blagny AOC
Mersault-Blagney or Puiligny-Blagny depending on grape location
What the southerly red focused AOCs
Santannay , Maranges
Santannay AOC
PC, GC
style
loc re: geo features
soil characteristics
specific training
12,0
dry white red
banks of Dheune River and Canal du Centre
fertile, lends to red
cordon prune
Cote de Beaune GC production
4%
Maranges AOC
PC, GC
style
# of villages
red vs white
white grape not allowed
wine characteristics
7, 0
dry white red
3
almost all red
pinot blanc
soft supple good value
Cote de Beaune Villages AOC
PC, GC
style
which villages cannot label
0,0
red only
Beaune, Aloxe-Corton, Pommard, Volnay
Cote Chalonnais
Borders W and E
aspects
slopes characteristics
Climate
Influence
Soil / where transitions
red vs white, size re: Cote d’Or
common AOC used , %
W - Cote de Couchois, E - Saone River
east facing, non-contiguous slopes / vary exposure
continental but cooler
west wind full exposure
limestone rich marl. rully to sandy older of maconnais
60% red. less than 50%
Bourgogne Rouge or Blanc 50%
Cote Chalonnais apps
Bouzeron, Rully, Mercurey, Givry, Montagny
Bouzeron AOC
PC
style
white(p) 1
Loc geo feature / temps
aspects
0
dry white
Aligote
secluded valley, cooler
North
Rully AOC
PC
styles
white(p) 1
rose(s) 1
red(p)1
red vs white
23
cremant red white
chardonnay, p gris, p noir
2/3 white
what AOC in the Cote Chalonnais is Cremant dominant
Rully. 2x over still
What was first AOC in Bourgogne to make cremant
Rully 1822
Mercurey AOC
PC
styles
white(p), rose(s), red (p)1
red vs white
% at village level
32
dry white red
chrd, p gris, p noir
mostly red
75%
what is largest town in Cote Chalonnais
Mercurey
What AOC is highest production in Cote Chalonnais
Mercurey
Givry AOC
PC
styles
white vs red
32
dry white red
mostly red
Montagny AOC
PC
style
white(p)
historical grapes not today
% highest prod ? from where ?
49
dry white only
chard
p noir , gamay
65% from coop Vigneron de Buxy
What sub region has the largest area under vine
Maconnais
Maconnais
E and W borders
Climate
Influence / effect
Soils (2), chard pref ?
historical grape until?
mostly label as ?
Saone to East, Grosne Valley to West
Contiental, med, riper grapes
Limestone and marl / granite and schist to south / ls - marl
gamay , 19thC
Macon, Macon Villages or Macon Vlllage + name
Maconnais apps (5)
Pouilly Fuisee, Loche, Vonzelles , saint-Veran, Vire-Clesse
Pouilly-Fuisse AOC
PC
style / grape
Topo feature
Soil
Communes (4), % PC, % app
% Maconnais
22
chard, white only
bowl rimmed by starfish limestone biosherms
limestone rich marl like cote d’or
Chaintre, Fuisse, Soluntre-Pouilly, Vergisson, 100%, 24%
38%
3 Bioherms around Pouilly-Fuisse
Rock of Solutre
Rock of Vergisson
Mont de Pouilly
Pouilly Loche AOC and Pouilly Vinzelles
style, grape
how is the buik on Vinzelles produced
% Maconnais Loche / Vinzelles
not for exam
white, chard
coop 80%
2%, 1%
Saint - Veran
% Maconnais
style, grape
historical part of ?
geo as relates to Pouilly - Fuisse ?
37%
white, chard
Beaujolais
split by it, 8
Vire - Clesse AOC
styles, grape
Loc re: Macon
white dry semi sweet
9 mi north between Vire and Clesse
Vire-Clesse AOC sweet styles by name ? level ?
demi-sec .4% to .8% RS
Levroute .8% to 1.8% RS
Most white wine GCs in C de B
Puligny Montrachet
Smallest village in Cote d;Dor
Vougeot
Who gave right to Gevrey to append name Chambertin
King Louis Philippe
Most GCs overall
Gevrey-Chambertin
Largest village app
Gevrey-Chambertin
How many regional AOC
7