Bordeaux Flashcards
In what battle did France reclaim Bordeaux
Battle of Castillon
Which event almost wiped out Malbec
Winter freeze 1956
What was the original tribe in the area
Bituriges
What chateau started the chateau trend
Haut Brion
what was the order of diseases that hit Bordeaux
Powery Mildew
Phylloxera
Downy Mildew
Where is most Bortdeaux consumed
France
What dept is Bordeaux in ?
Gironde
Relative size vs Burgundy
4x
What is N to S boundary for Left Bank
Medoc to end of Sauternes
What is N to S boundary for Right Bank
Blaye to Castillon
How far does salt water come in the rivers
75 mi
Climate
Maritime
Climate Influences
Gulfstream
Landed Forest
Continental influence apps where ?
south and SE apps
Climate risks (3)
hail frost humidity
What is the broad region ?
Aquitaine
What app is highest elevation
Saint Foy
Dominant topo
flat
RB topo
small hills with low plateaus and deep valleys
LB topo
level expanse of gravel mounds
EDM
some significant slopes
River layout
network of rivers into Gironde
What are warm soils ? where?
gravel and sand
LB and some EDM
Gravel effect on wine
firm tannin structure
Sand effect on wine
opulent
fruit fwd
easy drinking
what are cool solis ? where ?
Clay, LS
RB, Hillsides of EDM
Which grapes need warm soil?
CS, PV
Which grapes like cool soil ?
Merlot, CF, Cot
Key characteristic of cool soil
dense water retaining
do not speed up ripening
Clay effect
iron rich , texture
LS effect
acidity, lean polished tannin
1800s varieties
CS
Carmeniere
PV
Gros Verdot
Merlot
Tarney Coulant
How was Carmeniere lost
plagues
which grape took the place of Malbec
Merlot
Current prod dom 3 red / 3 white ? what total %
Merlot, CS,CF
SB, Semillon, Muscadelle
97%
Climate change effect on reds
PV ripening
Merlot Hi ABV
SB trends
more, 100% SB
Spraying effect on SB
mineral, herbal
Where is Colombard and Ugni popular
Cote de Blaye
what are the new apporved whites / reds
Lilorila
Albarinho
Arinaroa
Castets
Touriga N
Marselan
Limits in vineyard and blend for new approved
5% / 10%
Semillon
Primary in what style
Susceptible to ?
Prod rank
Aging vessel
sweet
rot
1 - same as SB
barrique
Sauv Blanc
rank
primary style
1 - same as Sem
dry blends…. some 100%
Muscadelle
noted characteristic
how used
aromatic
small % in sweet blend to boost aroma
Where can Alvarinho and Lilorila be planted
anywhere
Sauvignon Gris
Mutation of ?
characteristic
what does it add to blend
SB
musky aromatic
depth and texture
Merlot
adds to blend
flesh
CS
adds to blend
dom where
structure and ageworthy
LB
CF
where dom in blend
backbone of which group
add to blend
notable aroma
St Emillion
Cotes
flavor / structure like CS but less so
leafy, tea, veg
Cot
where found
fruit style
adds to blend
Bourg, Blaye, CDB
black
low acid, softens
PV
adds to blend
Pigment, tannin, spice
Carmeniere
common or rare
rare
Where can new reds be planted
anywhere
Training methods (2)
Taille Medocaine
Single / Double Guyot
What is Taille Medocaine like
double guyot with short cane
Global warm effect on fruit / tannin
fruiter / less harsh
what being done to delay bud break
delay winter prune
White wine vini
Stainless to barrel on lees
malo or not
Sweet wine vini
blend or single
blend
what is term for semi sweet
which req not needed
RS range
Moelleux
selective sort
1.2 to 4.5 %
Term for sweet
harvest reqs
Botrytis req ?
how many glasses per vine
how late can harvest be / takes how long
aromas
Liquoreux
handpicked by berry or partial cluster, multiple passes
not req’s but common
3
dec, 6 - 8 weeks
honey, apricot, pineapple
Red Prod
hand harvest req ?
how long ferment
skin macer how long
vessel entry level / hi q
no
8-10 days
15-21 days +
stainless / concrete
Barrel age
Oak trend
less
more common now Punch down / pump or rack and return
punch down / pump over
Rose vs Clairet color
pink vs light red
Clairet prod
short maceration / saignee
Rose prod
v short macer, saignee, direct press
Rose dry or sweet
always dry
what are the regional AOCs
% prod
Bourdeaux, Bordeaux Superiore, Cremant de Bordeaux
50%
Bordeaux AOC styles
dry white, red, rose, light red, semi-sweet white
What is the largest AOC
Bordeaux AOC
What is largest prod of dry white AOC
Bordeaux AOC, 60%
dry white style Bordeaux AOC
sb or sb/sem blend
semi-sweet Bordeaux AOC grape not allowed
Alvarinho
Bordeaux AOC Rose white grapes allowed ? style
sb / sem
dry only
Bordeaux AOC clairet grapes allowed
all reds only
Bordeaux AOC red characteristics / dom grape
light tannin, early drink
merlot
What is the only DGC / located / styles
Haut Bernage
EDM, parallel to Garonne
dry white
Bordeaux Superiore AOC
white req
styles
production req
release
70% primary grapes
red, semi-sw white
estate bottle
june 15 year after
Cremant de Bordeaux
grapes req
rose grape req
blanc de noir grape req
70% primary white or red
red only
70% primary red vinified as white
Medoc
Climate influence
soil
grapes (2)
styles
loc
largest AOCs
gironde and atlantic
gravel mounds on LS
CS, Merlot
dry red
triangular peninsula N of Bordeaux
Medoc AOC, Haut Medoc AOC
Where are the most Cru Bourgeois
Medoc AOC and Haut Medoc AOC
Medoc AOC
soil
dom grape
% of Medoc region prod
Loc
more clay and LS, some gravel
Merlot
40%
North
Haut Medoc AOC
loc
soil
climate
how long
southern 2/3 of Medoc
gravel over various
many meso
36 miles
St Estephe
soil
climate relative to others
grape ratio relative to others
more clay than other communes
windier / cooler
more merlot
Paulliac
soil
dom grape
wine aroma characteristic
gravel
CS
dusty cocoa
Which AOC has the most classified growths in Medoc
Paulliac, 17
St Julien
soil
dom grape
wine aroma
known as “most”
gravel over clay marl gravel iron pan
CS
chocolate cherry
californian
Margaux
soil
wine characteristic
gravel with sand subsoil. gravel varies in size
most delicate, perfumed, elegant
what is the most southerly of the communes
Margaux
Inland RB communes
climate vs banks
soil vs banks
cooler
more varied
Listrac Medoc
name attrib
soil
dom grape
wine characteristic
fringe, edge, vineyard meets forest
more clay and LS
merlot
heavier, denser, less fragrant, needs age
Moulis en Medoc
soil
climate note
dom grape
wine note
varied top / sub, hi clay marl
less moderated due to distance from Garonne
merlot
full bodied, best with age
Where were first vineyards
Graves
Name Graves means
Gravel
Graves area location
South of city to Langon in South
Graves region soil
Gravel mounds
Graves soil at Cerons
gravel mixed with clay, marls, ls, sand
Graves AOC
styles
red dom
white blend
more red or wh
white maturation vessel
dry wh, red
cs
sb, sem
red
oak or inert
Graves Sup
styles
viti
semi sweet white 3.4% RS
botrytis or passerillage
Pessac-Leognan
style
loc
dom grapes
soil
wine aroma note
dry white, red
in Graves AOC, north part
red CS, white SB SEM
deep gravel
clove
Pessac Leognan
white maturation vessels
ageworthy?
oak common
yes
Sauternais area
AOCs
styles
influence
red classified ?
min sweetness
Cerons, Barsac, Sauternes
sweet white only
Ceron River mist
Bord or Sup
4.5%
Is Dry white produced in Sauternais AOCs
not allowed in AOCs but classified to Bord AOC
Sauternes AOC
loc re: rivers
Soil
dom grape
notes when young
notes at age
LB Gironne, RB of Ceron
diverse sand gravel clay LS
Sem
apricot honey pineapple almond
dried apri, pineapple, nuts, spice
How are dry whites in Sauternes branded
with first letter of Chateau name
Barsac
loc re rivers
soil / topography
wine aroma note
labeling option
LB Ceron, LB Garonne, N of Sauternes
clay, LS Plateau
Lemony freshness from LS
as Sauternes
Which AOC vineyards are bordered by low stone walls
Barsac
Cerons
soil vs others
yield vs others
dry red / white classify as ?
semi-sw classify as ?
higher gravel
higher
Graves AOC
Graves sup
Why can Ceros AOC dry and semi label as Graves AOC / Sup
due to higher gravel content in soil
EDM region
soil river flank
soil hillside / plateau
soil slopes
dom grape
dom AOC style / classification
red blends grapes / classification
Alluvial
composite clay / sand, LS
some pure gravel
SB
dry / sw white
merlot, cs, cf / bordeaux aoc
EDM AOC
style
% prod dry white in Bordeaux
Loc
assemblage req
DGC is ? style alllowed ?
dry white
25%
all of EDM
blend only
Haut Bernauge
dry white
3 EDM sweet only AOCs along Garonne
styles
which is sweetest
climate compared to Sauternais
Cadillac
Lupiac
Saint-Croix-du-Mont
sweet white
Cadillac
similar but less mist
What is most prestigious EDM sweet ? why ?
Saint-Croix
higher gravel
3 EDM AOC making sweet and others?
Graves de Vayres
Premieres Cotes de Bordeaux
Cote de Bordeaux Sant macaire
Graves de Vayres
styles
name attrib
loc re River
prod red vs white
grapes in white blends
dry red, wh, semi-sweet white
gravel beds deposited by Isle river
opposite Isle as it empties in Dordogne
red
sb, sem, merlot blanc
Libournais region
grapes
how many red AOCs
grape no allowed in Pomerol
merlot, cf dom plus cs, pv, cot, carmeniere
10
carmeniere
which 4 Libournais closest to Isle
Fronsac
Canon Fronsac
Pomerol
Lalonde de Pomerol
Fronsac / Canon Fronsac
loc re: Isle
Canon loc
soil (2)
Dom reds
wine style
RB
inside Fronsac on Dordogne
clay, ls
merlot, cf
red fruit, black pepper
Pomerol / lalande - de- Pomerol
Soil
dom grapes
Pomerol style
LaLande style
Iron rich
merlot, cf
soft velvety round
less aromatic, less structured, bright fruit
what AOCs are on the RB of the isle
Fronsac, Canon-Fronsac
St Emilion
how many AOC
how many in same zone ? which ?
satellites
6
2. St Em, St Em GC
4
St Emilion Grand Cru
bottling req
unique prod process
prod ratio of AOC
at estate
2 tastings before and after mandatory 1 age
3x
St Em / St Em GC
soil
different islands / where ?
flavor profiles by soil
LS, Clay / pockets of sand at river
pomerol style, chateau Figeac, Cheval Blanc
Ls - hi acid, polished tannin
sand - fruit forward
Pom - velvet tannin, walnut ,prune
The Cotes
name means
loc
aspects
soil
dom reds
coast / slope
slopes to rivers / estuary. mostly RB
SW
clay, ls dom
merlot, cf
Cotes de Bordeaux
style
grape sourcing allowed
red only
all 5 DGC
Blaye C-D-B
styles
more wh or red?
% prod dry wh in Bordeaux
dom red
dry wh, red
white
3%
merlot
Cadillac C-D-B
styles
Loc
dom grape
soils
red only
RB Garonne
Merlot
Clay, LS, pockets of GRAVEL
Castillon CDB
styles
Loc
soil
dom grape, % of blend
red
RB Dordogne, East of St Emillion
clay, ls
merlot, 70-80% typical
Francs CDB
styles
Loc
rank prod per style
soil
dom grapes
dry wh, red, sw white
N of Castillon
red, small dry, smaller sw white
LS dom
merlot and CF
Saint Foy CDB
style
loc
aspects
dom prod
dry wh, red, semi-sw white, sw white
LB Dordogne
East
red
Which AOCs are in the Cotes but not part of CDB
Blaye and Bourg
Which CDB DGCs are red only
Cadillac Castillon
Which CD DGCs make sweet white
Francs Saint Foy
Blaye AOC
styles
soil
dom grape
blend req
red
clay, LS, sandy gravel
merlot
at least 50% merlot, cf, and or cf
Bourg / Cotes de Bourg. Bourgeois AOC
styles
dom grape
dom white
dry wh, red
merlot
sb
What event initiated the 1855 classification
Universal exhibition added wine
Napoleon III
number of chateau in original ranking
how many medoc
graves
sauternes / barsac
87
60
1
26
how many sweet cats in 1855 rank
names ?
what chat in top rank
3
prem cru sup
prem cru
duxieme cru
how many chat added during exhibition of 1855
1
Cantemerle in Medoc (61)
when / what first growth changed ?
1973 Chat Mouton Roths promoted
what are the first growths of 1855
La Tour
Margeaux
Lafite Roths
Mouton Roths
Haut Brion
Which Chat the original 1855 class no longer exists
Pexoto
Cru Bourgeois
region
Year / number of first estates
Year / number estates in first ratification
Year rescinded first ratify
year first cru list published / vintage
year classification passed / vintage
Medoc
1932 / 444
2003 / 247
2007
2010 / 2008
2020 / 2018
Cru Bourgeois
levels
how many ranked
how often reviewed
Exceptionels, Sup, Cru Bourgeois
249
5
Cru Artisan
region
wine style
Acreage limits
prod reqs
number in ranking
Medoc
red
2.5 to 12.5
vineyard to bottle on estate
36
Graves Classification
year / year revised
rank wine or estate
how many properties
how many red only / white only / both
loc in Graves
Label term
1953 / 1959
16
7 / 3 / 6
Pessac Leo
Grand Cru Classe de Graves or Cru Classes de Graves
which classification rates wine not estate
Graves
St Emillion Classiifcation
year / when revise / number of estates
grading factors (4)
levels
1955 /10 yrs / 82
quality of winery
quality of wine
standing in marketplace
hospitality for visitors
3
4 St Em GC Classe A
14 Classe B
64 GC Classe
what are the St Emillion GC Classe A
Ausone
Cheval Blanc
Angelus
Pavie
Who is responsible for the appellation system
Capus
who is responsible for the pricing tiers
Napoleon III
who ranked the 1982 vintage to make famous
PArker
rank in AOC in France
1
rank in % of large estates
1
Who married to create linkage to England
Aquitaine to Plantaganet
Who encouraged 2nd label creations
Paynaud