Buddhism, Hindu, Islam, China, Song & Tang Flashcards
Five relationships of Confucianism
father - child
ruler - subject
husband - wife
elder brother - younger brother
friend - friend
Filial Piety
respect elders
Hinduism Caste System
- rigid hierarchy (cannot move)
- fewer people at top, more on bottom
- born into caste
- untouchables have unclean jobs so no one has contact with them
- DHARMA = responsibility in caste
Reincarnation in Hinduism
- rebirth of soul
- must complete DHARMA
- highest living thing is a cow
Moksha
final resting place in Hinduism
Siddhartha
- parents hid him from sufferings, so he had to discover the truth of the
world alone - found true path containing the 4 NOBLE TRUTHS
4 Noble Truths
- there is suffering in life
- desire is the cause of some suffering
- way to reduce suffering is to reduce desires
- follow 8 Fold Path
8 Fold Path
the middle way
the right in everything (understanding, thought, action, etc.)
Sects of Buddhism
Theravada = looks at Buddha as a person
Mahayana = looks at Buddha as a profit
Mohammad
discovered Allah by Angel Gabriel being in his dream
Hijra
622
Mohammad is forced to leave Mecca –> Medina
people are more open to his ideas in Medina
5 Pillars of Faith
- no god but Allah
- pray 5 times a day facing Mecca
- give alms to poor
- fast in Ramadan
- Hajj = pilgrimage to Mecca
Return to Mecca
630
Mohammad conquers Mecca –> year 0 in Islamic calendar
Sect in Islam
Shia = believes successor should be related
Sunni = believes leaders should elect caliph
Women in Islam
- less than men
- property of husband
- have to be covered
- need to be protected
Under Umayyad dynasty women were treated much better - allowed to trade
Dar al Islam
the land where Muslims rule
(2 periods in this age)
Umayyad Dynasty
huge expansion
- centered in Damascus, Syria
- centralized, burearcy
- not tolerant of non-Arabs, tolerated other religions
- JIZYA = tax on non-Muslims
- women treated more equally
Abbasid Dynasty
- capital farther east –> Baghdad
- decentralized, autonomy
- greater tolerance (allowed to trade and be a part of gov’t) but still jizya
- took Persian customs –> women were not treated well
- tolerant of new ideas
Islamic Golden Age
internal piece
took on unionism
access to resources, ideas, open-minded
Khyber pass
opening in mountains that tribes snuck through to get to India
Delhi Sultanate
when Muslims conquered Delhi in India
Sikhism and syncretism
Nanak created Sikhism hoping to stop fights between Muslims and Hindus
Syncretism = create a culture from several other cultures
Mandate of Heaven
have God’s power/hand
is lost when a natural disaster, drought or hunger occurs
Tang Dynasty
- controlled more land
- unified and centralized –> returned stability
Song Dynasty
- Emperor Taizu (strong warrior)
- revival of Confucianism ideas –> Neo-confucianism
- Champa rice –> from Vietnam, did not require much irrigation and was durable –> SURPLUS
Golden Age in China
in the Song, but Tang laid foundation
- gun powder
Decline in China
taken over by Mongols
Ghengis Khan
great warrior, wanted to conquer world
Nomadic tribesman
- stirrups - for feet on horses
- long bow for range
- gun powder
MUCH MORE ADVANCED
Mongols and Chinese
- Mongols separated themselves as much as they could
- lack of assimilated Chinese culture into Mongol culture
- Marco Polo arrived, Mongols welcomed them, Chinese hated outsiders
- Women were equal in Mongol society
BOTH VERY DIFFERENT CULTURES
