Buddhism and Science Flashcards

1
Q

what are miracles

A

defy laws of nature at the will of God
- marvellous
- no God in B?

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2
Q

Buddhas teachings on Miracles

A
  • mundane: taming of the elephant
  • marvellous: day of miracles (15 consecutive days), converted 90,000 –> defying laws of nature
  • ‘whatever the mind does outside and beyond the order commonly determined or observed in nature’
  • meditation and ethical thought –> can unleash miraculous powers (past life knowledge, flying)
  • story of kevaddha –> 3 types of miracles (Buddha was sceptical of them)
    1. supernatural powers
    2. read minds
    3. Guide for own good
  • monks and nuns banned from teaching miracles, as education is better –> people should not believe in the dharma only because of miracles
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3
Q

scientific response to miracles

A
  • cant break laws of nature, only expand our knowledge
  • neuroscience: verdlinger’s experiments
  • if science disproves something in Buddhism, Buddhism has to change: dalai lama
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4
Q

what is karma

A
  • good karma: good rebirth
  • merit making
  • actions and intentions
  • consequences due to actions
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5
Q

scientific responses to karma

A
  • cannot be empirically tested
  • west is rationalising buddhism
  • dependent origination
  • secular buddhism: ‘dharma practice should never be in contradiction to science’ Bachelor
  • owen flanagan: karma can be compared to the simple teaching that the negative leads to negative and vv (omits more spiritual elements such as rebirth and anatta)
  • conflict between Buddha and rationalists
  • misinterpretation: difference in time and culture –> focus on individual effects not consequences
  • questions behind historical Buddha: did he really do these things (hairographical and mythological elements)
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6
Q

examples of the Buddhas unanswerable questions

A
  • the world is eternal or not
  • the soul is identical with the body
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7
Q

parable of the poisoned arrow

A
  • do not contemplate on the nature of samsara etc
  • focus should be the cessation of suffering, not how suffering came to be
  • no Buddhist creation story
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8
Q

Daniel Veidlinger and B science

A
  • athiestic religion: do not believe in one creator God who can control the lives of humans as a cause in esse
  • belief in many supernatural beings

3 parts to buddhist science
- knowledge gained through experience not doctrine (4 sights etc)
- rejection of absolutes: experience can change understanding
- Buddhism subject to change based on empirical evidence

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9
Q

Kalama sutra and Veidlinger

A
  • Buddhism was an oral tradition passed down, causing us to question its authenticity
  • Buddha encourages doubting scripture + teaching –> should not accept his teachings without discourse
  • miracles: miracle worker does not mean that Buddhism is not correct all the time
  • people will be dazzled by magic and will not effectively engage and challenge the Buddha’s teachings –> will accept only due to power and this weakens his teachings
  • Buddhist texts are not wholly scientific as people perform miracles
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10
Q

science and Buddhism compatibility

A
  • Anatta is ultimate reality –> neuroscience has not found a separate soul and science observes the changing nature of the body (no phenomenal model of the self)
  • Yogis: heating themselves under cold blankets by meditating
  • observing religious experience: oneness, neurocoordination, decreased anxiety and depression etc
  • first printing press in Buddhist monasteries
  • development of paper etc
  • however: non scientific powers observed eg clairvoyance. knowledge of past lives and flying
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11
Q

named scientists and Buddhism

A
  • Bohr: ‘we must turn to those kind of epistemological problems with which already thinkers like the Buddha and Lao Tzu have been confronted’
  • Russell: ‘buddhism is a combination of both speculative and scientific philosophy’
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12
Q

Thich Nhat Hanh on science

A
  • science helped him better understand buddhism
  • ‘if we believe that the knowledge we presently possess is the absolute truth then we lose our objectivity’
  • parable about the father who believed his son died and refused to believe he could be alive –> be open to enquiry, do not shut the door and stop learning
  • need to be free from preconception in science and B
  • interbeing in science: ‘electrons do not have a separate existence’
  • science and yogis: studying their control over bodies –> meditation and its empirical effect (compatibility between B and science)
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13
Q

Dalai lama and science

A

‘if science proves some belief of Buddhism wrong then Buddhism will have to change’
- Buddhism is science, philosophy and religion
- DL actively involved in scientific development
- neuroplasticity: can create different neuropathways as you grow
- meditating on certain topics eg compassion can make certain brain areas more active
- wider implications of science and tech

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14
Q

dalai lama and the ethics of science

A
  • morality of science can be questioned eg WMD
  • need ethical framework either Buddhist or secular
  • responsible for use of science/grows as we develop
  • ‘dialogue between neuroscience and society’ –> profound benefit
  • empirical evidence>spiritual belief –> no absolutes
  • ‘scientific communities play a vitally important role in this interconnected world’
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15
Q

quote on sunyata

A

‘form is emptiness emptiness is form’ –> heart sutra

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16
Q

what is quantum mechanics

A
  • mathematically describe motion and interaction of subatomic particles
17
Q

how are quantum mechanics and buddhism interlinked

A
  • buddhists and scientists have different understandings of the same thing
  • sunyata, like electromagnetic fields and the everchanging movement of subatomic particles - impermenance and anicca
  • allows for free will –> brains quantum process supports karma
  • wave particle duality: many possible states of waves
18
Q

3 modes of existential existence in Buddhism

A
  1. Cause and condition: dependent originatio and 12 niddanas
  2. parts of a whole: interbeing and thich nhat hanh (flower and flower elements)
  3. perception of the mind –> colour, smell etc are dependent on our perception of it
    - subatomic particles: range of possibilities, only have a location when observed –> random behaviour
19
Q

wave particle duality and sunyata

A

particles do not act on the assumption that they should travel as a wave
- only acts like a particle when observed but when not observed acts as a wave
- conventional: waves are impermenant and surface level; their properties are dependent of external causes
- waves are impermenant states that drift in and out of existence