BSS Flashcards
What is the definition of disabled under the Equality Act 2010?
having a physical or mental impairment that has “substantial” and “long term” negative effect on your daily activities
What is defined as long term for disability in the Equality Act 2010?
longer than 12 months
What is defined as “substantial negative effects” for disability in the Equality Act 2010?
taking longer time for daily activities
What is the classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)? (WHO 1999)
it looks at a person’s physical functioning, their daily activities/task, and participation in society to look at different facets of disability
In the ICF, what does body function/impairment relate to?
physical functioning
In the ICF, what does activity/activity limitation refer to?
tasks or activities undertaken by a person, and difficulties or limitations to activities
In the ICF, what does participation/ participation limitation refer to?
involvement in life situations and participation restrictions to involvement
What is stigma?
branding or making someone due to their impairment
What is enacted stigma?
societal reaction to impairment (i.e. change in behaviour) producing discriminatory experiences for the person with the disability
What is felt stigma?
expected societal reactions can change self-identity (anticipation of reactions)
What is courtesy stigma?
tendency for stigma to spread from the stigmatised individual to his close connections
What is the relationship between stigma and health?
worsening health outcomes (i.e. decrease in medication adherence)
What is the recovery model in mental health?
recovering beyond survival: looking at empowerment, independence, choice and control (opposed to dependence/institutionalisation)
–> process and personal journey towards recovery
What is the relationship with SES/income and disability?
- the lower the SES, the higher the prevalence of limiting long standing illness
- the lower the income, the higher the prevalence of limiting long standing illness
What is the work capability assessment?
- questionnaire on physical, mental and social functions
- interview
What are the negative sides of the work capability assessment?
- foccuses on negatives in life
- forces people to re-enter the workplace when they don’t feel capable of doing so
- doens’t focus on workplace
- -> focussed on biomedical model of disability
What is coping?
managing stressors that have been exceeding a person’s resources/taxing
What are the four ways of coping?
-approach coping:
(problem focused
emotinal focused)
-avoidance coping
How is problem focused coping?
reduce demands of the stressor or increase resources available to manage it
How is emotion focused coping?
manage emotions evoked bt the stressful event:
- behavioural strategies (talking to friends, drinking or smoking, shopping)
- cognitive strategies (denying important of problem, thinking about it in a positive way)
What is quality of life?
a person’s physical health, psychological state, level of independence, social relationships and their relationships to salient features in their environment
What is QALY?
(quality adjusted life years)
measure of stat of health in person in terms of length of life, are adjusted to the quality of life
one QALY = 1 year of life in perfect health
How is QALY measured?
person’s ability to carry out activities of daily life, and freedom from pain and mental disturbances
What are the NICE guidelines for QALY and treatment?
- less than £20000/QALY: cost effective
- £20000-£30000/QALY: other sorts of benefits or considerations must be evident
- more than £30000/QALY: a strong case needs to be made for technology to be recommended
How is QoL assessed?
- health status
- patient reported outcomes (PROs)
- patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): looks at perceptions of their health status, perceived level of impairment, disability, health related quality of life
What are the different types of QoL Scale?
- generic or illness specific
- standardised or individualised
- uni-dimensional or multidimentional
What are examples of generic and illness specific scales (QoL)?
generic:
- Short Form-36 (SF-36)
- EUROQOL (EQ5D)
- Nottingham Health Profile
illness specific:
- arthritis Impact measurement scale (AIMS)
- simplified Psoriasis index
What are examples of standardised or individualised scales (QoL)?
standardised: Barthel Index
individualised: SEIQoL (select 5 domains in life that are important and weigh up each domain in worst to best case scenario)
What are examples of uni-dimensional or multidimensional scales relating to QoL?
- uni-dimensional: general health questionnaire (single score: mood)
- multidimensional: SF-36 (mental healed, physical functioning, pain, social functioning, energy)
How do we know if the scales used for QoL are good?
psychometric properties:
- reliability (consistent over time a,d between people)
- validity (measures what its supposed to measure)
- sensitivity (sensitivity to change: floor and ceiling effect)
