BSI EXAM 3 Flashcards
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytosol
Where does Krebs cycle take place?
mitochondria
Where does ETC take place?
inner mitochondrial membrane
Where glycogenesis stored?
liver and muscle
Where does glyconeogenesis take place?
liver and kidneys
Where does glycogenolysis take place?
liver and muscle
Exception is glucose 6 phosphotase only happens in liver
What is the net ATP and net NADH from oxidation of glucose into pyruvate?
2ATP
2NADH
How many molecules of pyruvate do you end up with when partially oxidizing one molecule of glucose?
2
What are the rate limiting enzymes of glycolysis?
Hexokinase
phosphofructose kinase
pyruvate kinase
What is the function of NAD+ and FAD+?
to carry electrons
What are 3 conditions in which the conversion of pyruvate to lactate will increase?
- no oxygen
- mitochondria dysfunction
- pyruvate is accumulating faster than mitochondria
How is lactate handled by the body? (in other words, how is it removed?)
other cells and tissues that are better oxygenated can take up and use it for energy.
lactose oxidized back to pyruvate–> acetyl coA–> krebs cycle
In this case, cell with mitochondria will take advantage by making the lactate to convert to pyruvate and then enter to mitochondria
What is the definition of lactic acidosis?
build up of lactate
Is the build-up of lactate causing the acidosis?
no, acidosis is build up of protons
Name 4 molecules that will directly stimulate the rate of glycolysis.
ADP, Pi, insulin, epinephrine
Name 2 molecules that will directly inhibit or decrease the rate of glycolysis.
ATP, Glucogon
What enzyme catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA? In this reaction, what is being oxidized and what is being reduced?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase= pyruvate+NAD + coA—> acetyl coA+ CO2+ NADH + H+
Pyruvate reduced
Acetyl coA oxidized
When completely oxidizing 1 molecule of glucose, how many molecules of acetyl-CoA will go through the Krebs Cycle?
2
How many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 do you get with one turn of the Krebs Cycle?
1ATP
3NADH
1FADH
What are the rate limiting enzymes of the Krebs Cycle? What molecules regulate their activity?
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase
- citrate synthase
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- alpha- ketoglutarate
Where in the cell does Krebs Cycle take place?
mitochondria
What does NADH and FADH2 do with their electrons they are carrying?
both carry 2H+ when oxidized
What is the path of electron flow through the ETC from NADH?
NADH: 1–> coQ–>3–> cyto c–> 4
What is the path of electron flow through the ETC from FADH2?
FADH: 2–>CoQ–>3–>cyto C–> 4