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Rx > BSCE II > Flashcards

BSCE II Flashcards

1
Q

Voluntary opening of the upper eyelid is produced by motor innervation from which nerve?

A

Oculomotor (CN III)

  • eyelid opening via levetor palpebrae
  • Also does eye movement (SR, IR, MR, IO), pupil constriction, accomodation
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2
Q

Describe rhematoid factor

A

IgM autoantibody against IgG Fc region

-it’s directed against determinants on the immunoglobulin molecules gamma chain

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3
Q

What does it mean if P value = 0.01

A

If P value ≤ 0.05 –> reject the null

  • Null is that there is no sig diff bw groups
  • if you reject null –> means there is a sig difference
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4
Q

Which types of parasides have indirect life cycle, why?

A

Indirect life cycles

  • req 2 host stages
    • Definitive host
      • Where repro and adult life phase take place
    • Intermediate host
      • Where development occurs and then transmitted back to definitive host
  • Facilitates disease transmission in the form of vectors
    • Ex) mosquitos, plasmodium, leishmania
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5
Q

How long do panic attacks last

A

they peak in 10 mins

-does not last for days at all

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6
Q

Which cell responsible for the regeneration of peripheral axons?

A

Schwann cells

  • each schwann cell myelinates only 1 PNS axon
  • injured in GBS
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7
Q

What describes the therapeutic result of cognitive behavioral therpay

A

Cognitive restructuring

-(Not extinction– that is from discontinuing + or - reinforcement which eventually eliminates the behavior)- in operant conditioning

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8
Q

By what age should a baby develop object permanence

A
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9
Q

Beta-hCG is structurally similar to which other hormones..and therefore has the activity of those hormones

A
  • FSH
  • LH –> stim progesterone secr from corpus luteum
  • TSH
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10
Q

The denaturation of proteins always leads to (rev/irrev) loss of secondary and tertiaty structure?

A

rev

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11
Q

The stability of quaternary structure in proteins is d/t what type of bonds holding the subunits together?

A

Non-covalent

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12
Q

Which type of bonds stabilize the alpha helix?

A

H-bonds

-alpha helix and beta sheets are secondary xtures

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13
Q

In a P/A xray of wrist

-which bone is superimposed on the other?

A

Pisiform is superimposed on the triquetrium

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14
Q

Venous plexus of batson

A

serves as conduit for cancer cells to travel from one part of body to another

-particular prostatic adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

The confluence of dural sinus is assoc with which bone

A

occipital

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16
Q

A lesion in the corticospinal tract would product what?

A

UMN syndrome

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17
Q

Which zone is affected most by hypoxia

A

Zone III = hepatocytes closest to the central vein

-hepatocytes closest to the portal triad are least susceptible

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18
Q

Where are ketone bodies synthesizes?

A

Liver

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19
Q

Which nerves responsible for erection?

A

pelvic sphanchnic nerves (S2-S4)

  • NO –> vasodiltion –> proerectile
  • NE is anti erectile
  • erection is parasymp
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20
Q

Which xture can interact to produce leucine zipper xture

A

alpha helix (not beta sheet)

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21
Q

Which N is big toe pain

A

L5 dermatome

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22
Q

What is initial product of FA synth?

A

Palmitate 16c

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23
Q

stab would in left 5th intercostal space just lat to sternum would hit what?

A

Right ventricle

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24
Q

What does a nucleosome consist of?

A

8 histone core

DNA looped around

H1

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25
Q

What test do you run in order to detect trinucleotide repeat disease before showing sx?

A

PCR

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26
Q

How do you know how many barr bodies are present?

A

of X chroms - 1

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27
Q
  • stab wound on L lat neck
  • L ptosis
  • L side of face is flushed

What was damaged?

A

Superior cervical ganglion

  • located on lat neck
  • forms facial N
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28
Q

Poison ivy is which type of HSN?

A

Type IV

  • Th cells recognize Ag and release inflamm inducing cytokines
  • there is also a cytotoxic T cells response
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29
Q

What do you see in a pt w/ von gierkes disease

A

Von gierkes disease (Glucose-6-phosphatase def)

  • G6P builds up –> shunt to incr glycogen synth (not to gluconeogenesis, can’t make glucose)
    • hypoglycemia
    • hepatomegaly (incr glycogen storage in liver)
    • Lactic acidosis
    • impaired gluconeogenesis
    • incr uric acid (gout)
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30
Q

When does myelination begin and end?

A

Begins in 4th fetal months

ends- a while after birth

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31
Q

Which organisms do you stain with Giemsa?

A
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32
Q

Kid dark urine upon standing, and arthralgias, and blue hands

Diag?

A

Alkaptonuria

  • see incr homogentistic acid
  • AA affected is tyrosine because it’s defect in tyrosine degradation pathway
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33
Q

In alkaptonuria which AA is affected?

A

Tyrosine

-see black urine, arthralgias, blue CT (hands, ears)

34
Q

Boy, self mutilation, orange crystals in diaper

Diag?

A

Leish Nyhann

-HGPRT def (converts guanine–> GMP, hypoxanthine –> IMP)

35
Q

In Leish Nyhann, what is deficient?

A

HGPRT

36
Q

What does HGPRT do?

A

convert

  • Guanine –> GMP
  • Hypoxanthine –> IMP

Def in leish Nyhann (self mutilation, kid, arthralgia, blue CT)

37
Q

How do you differentiate bw child abuse and osteogenesis imperfecta?

A

Check eyes (blue sclera) and teeth (wears easily bc lack dentin)

38
Q

What is defect in osteogenesis imperfecta

A

Decrease synth of type I collagen (collagen is normal, just less of it)

39
Q

Which disease is d/t defect in endochondrial ossificationn?

A

Achondroplasia

40
Q

Pee smells like it’s burnt

Diag?

A

Maple syrup urine disease

-defective enzyme = Branched chain alpha keto DHase

41
Q

Defective enzyme is maple syrup urine disease

A

Branched chain alpha keto DHase (cause build up of BCAA- isoleu, leu, val)

42
Q

Cystathione synthase deficiency, what accumulates?

A

homocystine and methionine

-diag is homocystinuria

43
Q

Incr homocystine

atherosclerosis

marfanoid habitus

lens subluxation

Diag?

A

Homocystinuria

-some sx similar to marfans (but lens subluxation is diff direction)

44
Q

Patient has skin changes and mental issues. Which vit is def?

A

Niacin (B3)

-Niacin derived from tryptophan

45
Q

Which AA is affected in niacin deficiency?

A

Tryptophan

46
Q

5’-FU MOA

A

Blocks thymidylate synthase –> so can’t make dTMP (thymidine) from dUMP

47
Q

Kid is biting his lips and has crystals in urine

Diag?

A

Lesh Nyhan

48
Q

In which vitamin def do you get dry mouth?

A

Vit A

49
Q

TATA box

A
  • AT rich seq ( 2 bonds so easily separated)
  • In promotor region of euk

-Involved in initiation of transcription

50
Q

tRNA anticodon is read from (3’-5’/ 5’-3’) end?

A

3’-5’

51
Q

What does PCR require in order to begin

A

DNA

52
Q

What are the thinks PCR needs in order to work?

A

DNA

pol

primer

nucleotide

53
Q

How do you break of respiratory mucus production in a CF pt?

A

cleave disulfide bonds –> breaks up mucin

54
Q

In N-linked glycosylation, oligosaccharides are added to which AA?

A

Asparagine

55
Q

Bleeding gums

Which vit def?

A

vit C (scurvy)

56
Q

What type of AA is lysine? (Essential, acidic, basic)

A

Essential and basic

57
Q

What kind of mutation leads to PKU?

A

Point mutation of phenylalanine hydroxylase

58
Q

From which organelle does energy come from?

A

Mitochondria

59
Q

Which organelle is on left side of the picture?

A

Mitochondria

60
Q

Which organelleis this?

A

Mitochrondria

61
Q

Which organelle packages enzymes?

A

golgi

62
Q

Which organelle is in the center of the image?

A

golgi

-where enzymes are packaged

63
Q

Name this organelle

A

golgi

-where enzymes are packaged

64
Q

What enables cells to communicate and have the same voltage?

A

Gap junctions

65
Q

What prevents transmigration of solute bw cells?

A

Tight junctions

66
Q

What are the differences and similarities bw proks and euks regarging orgins of replication?

A

Both proks and euks have ORIs

BUT

proks- single ORI

euks- mult ORI

67
Q

Just an EM example

A

.

68
Q

ER electron micrograph example

A

.

69
Q

Where are proteins made in the cell?

A

Ribosomes

70
Q

After protein leaves the ribosome what is it bound it?

A

Singnal recognition particle (SRP)

SRP = abundant cytosolin ribonucleoprotein that traffics proteins from the ribosome to the rER.

71
Q

Where does N-linked glycosylation occur?

A

rER

72
Q

What happens if you block the Na+/K+ pump?

A
73
Q

In what genetic disease do you see cafe-au-lait spots?

A

Neurofibromatosis

74
Q

What type of inheritance is neurofibromatosis

A

Autosomal dominant

75
Q

What type of mutation does UV radiation cause?

A

Thyimine-Thymine dimers

76
Q

2 kids hada disease, 1 had it move severe than the other.

Which genetic term describes this?

A

Variable expressivity

77
Q

Kid starting to eat much more and had hypotonia

Diag?

A

Prader wili (imprinting defect)

78
Q

What type of pedigree is this?

A
79
Q

Kidney bx below

-What does histo show? Diag? What condition assoc?

A

Shows wire-looping of caps

Diag: Diffuse prolif GN

assoc w/ SLE

80
Q
  • 26-yo m c/o progressively worsening vision in R eye & slightly decr balance over the past few mo
  • Ophthalm exam reveals the image shown.
  • MRI of the brain shows a small, vascular mass in the cerebellum.
  • cavernous hemangioma on the pts R arm.
  • Father suffered similar decline in vision and was treated surgically.

Diag? What other sx?

A

Von hippel lindau syndrome

  • hemangioblastoma (incr vascularity)- see in retina, brain
  • Cerebellar mass- ataxia
  • Angiomatosis- skin
  • B/L renal cell carcinoma– see hematuria
  • Pheochromocytoma

d/t deletion on chrom 3

81
Q

Diag?

A

ADPKD

  • Shows B/L mult cysts
  • sx: hematuria HTN, urinary freq
  • Mut PDK1 chrom 16
  • Assoc w/ berry aneurysm –> rupture cause brain bleed/hemorrhagic stroke

Rx (5 decks)

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