All things uworld

Question 1

Which vessel in fetal circ carries the highest amount of oxygenated blood?

Answer 1

Umbilical V –> which then empties into the IVC –> to RA

Question 2

Microarray

Answer 2

• Similar to southern and northern blot but involved hybridization of many probes at once
• The DNA or cDNA being analyzed is placed on a gene chip with a fluorescent tag.– the degree of fluoresence corresponds with the amount of mRNA expressed in the sample

Question 3

metoprolol effect on renin

Answer 3

Metoprolol is beta-1 blocker –> cause decr renin (bc blocks beta-1 receptors on JGA cells) –> decr angiotensin –> decr vasoconstriction –> vasodolation

Question 4

Normal PO2 in alveoli and venous blood

Answer 4

Question 5

PA O2 = 104

Pulm venous O2 = 70

Pulm venous CO2 = 40

-What type of impairment going on here

Answer 5

Diffusion impairment = when large gradient bw PO2 of alveolus and capillary, with slightly smaller gradient w/ CO2 (bc CO2 has less effect bc incr diffusion capacity)

Question 6

What type of HSN is PSGN

Answer 6

type III

(IC-Ab/Ag complexes)

Question 7

• 7 y.o m
• red urine
• recent skin infection
• periorbital and pitting edema
• incr Cr

Diag?

Answer 7

PSGN

• recent skin or throat infection (2-4 weeks ago)
• resolves spontaneously
• periph and periorbital edema
• cola-colored urine
• HTN
• (+) strep titers
• Type III HSN

Nephritis syndrome = inflammatory, hematuria, RBC casts, azotemia, oliguria, HTN, hypercellular inflammed glom

Question 9

• 64 yo f
• Pmhx: 20 yr hx DM, CKD, HTN, dyslipidemia
• PE: heart normal, trace periph edema

What is consequence to bone?

Answer 9

Renal osteodystrophy

CKD –> incr Phos and decr Ca d/t failure hydroxylation vit D from CKD –> stim incr PTH –> Ca2+ mobilization from bone

Question 10

Nephritic syndrome with linear IF

Answer 10

Goodpastures (rapidly progressive/crescentic GN)

-Anti-GBM Abs

Question 11

• ankle swelling, HTN, B/L pitting edema
• Urinalysis: 2+ proteinuria, RBC count 75-100/hpf

nephritic or nephrotic

Answer 11

Nephritic = inflammatory

• hematuria (incr RBC in urine)
• azotemia
• HTN
• mild/mod proteinuria (2+)

Question 12

An observer expecting treatment groups to show signs of recovery is more likely to document positive outcomes

• which type of bias is this?

Answer 12

Observer bias

=resarchers belief in the efficacy of a treatment changes the outcome of that treatment (AKA Pygmalion effect)

-can prevent this by using a double blind clinical trial

Question 13

Researchers belief in the efficacy of a treatment changes the outcome of that treatment

-Which type of bias?

Answer 13

observer bias

-prevented by doing double blind clinical trials

Question 14

Nonrandom sampling or treatment allocation of subjects such that study pop is not representative of target population

-Which type of bias?

Answer 14

Selection bias

Question 15

Which systemic mycoses shows a large yeast with a single bud?

Answer 15

Blastomycosis

• single broad-based single budding yeast
• greak lakes, central and east US
• lung disease, skin lesions

Question 16

What is responsible for that became resistant to chemotherapy

Answer 16

multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1) = P-glycoprotein

-this is an ATP-dep efflux pump –actively causes chemo agent to be eliminated