BS Flashcards
Dorsal/ Medial lemniscal tract- Somatosensory
- Vibration
- Proprioception
- Texture (touch)
Anteriolateral system- Somotosensations
- Temperature
- Visceral fullness and ischemia
- Pain
- Touch
DCML and ALS- Somatosensations
Touch:
- Pressure
- Hair associated
Skin receptor for touch
Meissner corpuscle
Skin receptor for vibration
Pacinian corpuscle
Skin receptor for pressure
Merkel’s disks
Ophthalmic (V1) innervation
Forehead
- Eyeball
- Nose
- Dura mater
Maxillary (V2) innervation
- Upper cheek
- Lips and teeth
- Nasal cavity
- Palate
Mandibular (V3) innervation
- Lower lip
- Side of head
- Lower teeth
- TMJ
- Oral floor
- Anterior 2/3 tounge
- Sensory & motor
Damage to medial cerebellum- Sx
- Lack of axial musculature
- Gait abn
- Ocular dysmetria (can’t fix gaze)
- Dysarthria- slurred/ slowed speech
Damage to lateral cerebellum- Sx
- Incoordination of limbs
Parkinson brain lesion location
- Substantia nigra nucleus
- Pars compact nucleus
Parkinson sx
Hypokinesis
- Cant make voluntary mvmts
- Inhibited/ dulled emotions
- Slowed thinking
- Domamine as neurotransmitter
Huntington lesion location
Caudate and putamen nuclei
Huntington- Sx
- Hyperkinesis
- Move when don’t want to
- Volatile emotions
- Difficulty organizing, focusing
Basal ganglia- Mvmt
- Suppression of unwanted critical activity- inhibitory neurons- Indirect
- Facilitate cortical activity (voluntary mvmt)- direct-
Cerebellum- Mvmt
- Receives feedback from skeletal muscle
- Midcourse corrections
Dermatome
- Area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve
- Symptoms indicate pathology at nerve root
Medial lemniscus
- Lesions impair vibratory and touch pressure sense
- Decussates in medulla
Dorsal column
- White matter in spinal cord
- Gracile and cunate fasiculus
- Fine touch and proprioception
- Cross over at medulla
Gracile fasciulus
- Lower body sensory impulses
- Fine touch and proprioception
Cunate fasiculus
- Upper body sensations
- Fine touch and proprioception
Dorsal column nuculi
- Gracile and cunate nucleus
- Secondary neurons
- Fine touch and proprioception
Dorsal horn
- Grey matter
- Process sensory information
- Place of synapse
Dorsal root ganglion
- Afferent fibers, relay info to PNS
- Reflex processing- sensory processing
Enkephalin
- Neurotransmitters
- Inhibit pain perception
- Endorphin
Internal arcuate fibers
Second order
- Contained within gracile and count
- Medulla- decussate
- Fine touch and proprioception to thalamus
Internal capsule
- White matter
- Ascending and descending axons
- Motor information to cortex
Mechanoreceptor
- Afferent information
- Synapses in dorsal column
- Meissners, pacinian ruffini endings
Periaqueductal gray
- Descending pain modulation
- Enkephalin producing cells, pain suppression
- Cerebral aqueduct
Pseudounipolar neuron
- Soma in dorsal root ganglion
- Sensory receptors in skin, joints, muscles
- One axon with two branches- central and peripheral
Raphe nuclei
- Brain stem- reticular nuclei
- Release serotonin
- Regulate release of enkephalins
Reticular activating system
- Wakefulness and sleep
- Attention
- Reticular formation in brain stem
Rexed laminae
- Layers of grey matter in spinal cord
- Labeling system
Serotonin
- Regulation of mood, sleep, appetite
- Memory and learning
- Happiness
- Most found in GI tract
Ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus
- Somatosensory relay nucleus
- Third order neurons
- Receives info from spinal tracts and relays to cortex
Ventral white commissure
- Pain and temperature cross sides here
- Motor signales
- Spinothalamic and anteriorcorticospinal tract
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
- Mediates unconscious proprioception
Bradykinesia
- Slow movement, impaired ability to adjust body positioning
- Parkinsons
Caudate nucleus
- Basal ganglia
- Voluntary, directed mvmt
- Affected in Huntington
- Innervated by dopamine neurons
Cerebellar cortex
- Motor control
- Coordination, precision, accurate timing
- Damage = erratice, uncoordinate mcmt
Deep cerebellar nuclei
White matter
- Output area of of cerebella function
- Purkinje fibers
Dopamine
- Neurotransmitter- reward motivated behavior
- Tx for parkinsons
- High levels = schizo
- Reward behavior, motor control
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
- Propriocetion to cerebellum
- From muscles and joints
- 1st order = dorsal root ganglia
Flocculus
- Input from vestibular system of inner ear
- Control of eye movement
- Regulates balance
Globus pallidus
- Component of basal ganglia
- Regulation of voluntary movement
- Inhibitory action of cerebellum
- Imbalance = jerks and tremors
Hyperkinetic signs
- Increase in muscular activity, excessive abn movement
- Huntingtons
- Improper regulation of basal ganglia
Hypotonia signs
- Decrease musc tone, reduced strength
- Parkinson
- Disruption of afferent input or cerebellum output
L-dopa
Precursor to dopamine, norepi and epi
- Dystonia and parkinsons tx
Neuromelanin
- Dark pigment, substantia nigra
- Degenerate during parkinson
Nigrostriatal tract
- Dopamine pathway
- Connets substantia nigra with striatum
- Involved in movement
Nodulus
- Cerebellum, part of vermis
- Vestibular part of cerebellum
Putamen nucleus
- Part of basal ganglia
- Regulate automatic performance movement
- Influence learning
- GABA, Ach and enkephalin
Lead pipe rigidity
- Basal ganglia disease
- Stiffness and inflexibility
- Increased muscle tone, resistance of motion
Substantia nigra
- Midbrain
- Reward, addiction and movement
- Basal ganglia
Vestibular nuclei
- Cranial nuclei for vestibular nerve
- Enter medulla obolongata
