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B&B 2 > BS > Flashcards

BS Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal/ Medial lemniscal tract- Somatosensory

A
  • Vibration
  • Proprioception
  • Texture (touch)
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2
Q

Anteriolateral system- Somotosensations

A
  • Temperature
  • Visceral fullness and ischemia
  • Pain
  • Touch
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3
Q

DCML and ALS- Somatosensations

A

Touch:

  • Pressure
  • Hair associated
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4
Q

Skin receptor for touch

A

Meissner corpuscle

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5
Q

Skin receptor for vibration

A

Pacinian corpuscle

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6
Q

Skin receptor for pressure

A

Merkel’s disks

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7
Q

Ophthalmic (V1) innervation

A

Forehead

  • Eyeball
  • Nose
  • Dura mater
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8
Q

Maxillary (V2) innervation

A
  • Upper cheek
  • Lips and teeth
  • Nasal cavity
  • Palate
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9
Q

Mandibular (V3) innervation

A
  • Lower lip
  • Side of head
  • Lower teeth
  • TMJ
  • Oral floor
  • Anterior 2/3 tounge
  • Sensory & motor
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10
Q

Damage to medial cerebellum- Sx

A
  • Lack of axial musculature
  • Gait abn
  • Ocular dysmetria (can’t fix gaze)
  • Dysarthria- slurred/ slowed speech
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11
Q

Damage to lateral cerebellum- Sx

A
  • Incoordination of limbs
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12
Q

Parkinson brain lesion location

A
  • Substantia nigra nucleus

- Pars compact nucleus

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13
Q

Parkinson sx

A

Hypokinesis

  • Cant make voluntary mvmts
  • Inhibited/ dulled emotions
  • Slowed thinking
  • Domamine as neurotransmitter
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14
Q

Huntington lesion location

A

Caudate and putamen nuclei

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15
Q

Huntington- Sx

A
  • Hyperkinesis
  • Move when don’t want to
  • Volatile emotions
  • Difficulty organizing, focusing
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16
Q

Basal ganglia- Mvmt

A
  • Suppression of unwanted critical activity- inhibitory neurons- Indirect
  • Facilitate cortical activity (voluntary mvmt)- direct-
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17
Q

Cerebellum- Mvmt

A
  • Receives feedback from skeletal muscle

- Midcourse corrections

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18
Q

Dermatome

A
  • Area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve

- Symptoms indicate pathology at nerve root

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19
Q

Medial lemniscus

A
  • Lesions impair vibratory and touch pressure sense

- Decussates in medulla

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20
Q

Dorsal column

A
  • White matter in spinal cord
  • Gracile and cunate fasiculus
  • Fine touch and proprioception
  • Cross over at medulla
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21
Q

Gracile fasciulus

A
  • Lower body sensory impulses

- Fine touch and proprioception

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22
Q

Cunate fasiculus

A
  • Upper body sensations

- Fine touch and proprioception

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23
Q

Dorsal column nuculi

A
  • Gracile and cunate nucleus
  • Secondary neurons
  • Fine touch and proprioception
24
Q

Dorsal horn

A
  • Grey matter
  • Process sensory information
  • Place of synapse
25
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A
  • Afferent fibers, relay info to PNS

- Reflex processing- sensory processing

26
Q

Enkephalin

A
  • Neurotransmitters
  • Inhibit pain perception
  • Endorphin
27
Q

Internal arcuate fibers

A

Second order

  • Contained within gracile and count
  • Medulla- decussate
  • Fine touch and proprioception to thalamus
28
Q

Internal capsule

A
  • White matter
  • Ascending and descending axons
  • Motor information to cortex
29
Q

Mechanoreceptor

A
  • Afferent information
  • Synapses in dorsal column
  • Meissners, pacinian ruffini endings
30
Q

Periaqueductal gray

A
  • Descending pain modulation
  • Enkephalin producing cells, pain suppression
  • Cerebral aqueduct
31
Q

Pseudounipolar neuron

A
  • Soma in dorsal root ganglion
  • Sensory receptors in skin, joints, muscles
  • One axon with two branches- central and peripheral
32
Q

Raphe nuclei

A
  • Brain stem- reticular nuclei
  • Release serotonin
  • Regulate release of enkephalins
33
Q

Reticular activating system

A
  • Wakefulness and sleep
  • Attention
  • Reticular formation in brain stem
34
Q

Rexed laminae

A
  • Layers of grey matter in spinal cord

- Labeling system

35
Q

Serotonin

A
  • Regulation of mood, sleep, appetite
  • Memory and learning
  • Happiness
  • Most found in GI tract
36
Q

Ventral posterior nucleus of thalamus

A
  • Somatosensory relay nucleus
  • Third order neurons
  • Receives info from spinal tracts and relays to cortex
37
Q

Ventral white commissure

A
  • Pain and temperature cross sides here
  • Motor signales
  • Spinothalamic and anteriorcorticospinal tract
38
Q

Anterior lobe of cerebellum

A
  • Mediates unconscious proprioception
39
Q

Bradykinesia

A
  • Slow movement, impaired ability to adjust body positioning

- Parkinsons

40
Q

Caudate nucleus

A
  • Basal ganglia
  • Voluntary, directed mvmt
  • Affected in Huntington
  • Innervated by dopamine neurons
41
Q

Cerebellar cortex

A
  • Motor control
  • Coordination, precision, accurate timing
  • Damage = erratice, uncoordinate mcmt
42
Q

Deep cerebellar nuclei

A

White matter

  • Output area of of cerebella function
  • Purkinje fibers
43
Q

Dopamine

A
  • Neurotransmitter- reward motivated behavior
  • Tx for parkinsons
  • High levels = schizo
  • Reward behavior, motor control
44
Q

Dorsal spinocerebellar tract

A
  • Propriocetion to cerebellum
  • From muscles and joints
  • 1st order = dorsal root ganglia
45
Q

Flocculus

A
  • Input from vestibular system of inner ear
  • Control of eye movement
  • Regulates balance
46
Q

Globus pallidus

A
  • Component of basal ganglia
  • Regulation of voluntary movement
  • Inhibitory action of cerebellum
  • Imbalance = jerks and tremors
47
Q

Hyperkinetic signs

A
  • Increase in muscular activity, excessive abn movement
  • Huntingtons
  • Improper regulation of basal ganglia
48
Q

Hypotonia signs

A
  • Decrease musc tone, reduced strength
  • Parkinson
  • Disruption of afferent input or cerebellum output
49
Q

L-dopa

A

Precursor to dopamine, norepi and epi

- Dystonia and parkinsons tx

50
Q

Neuromelanin

A
  • Dark pigment, substantia nigra

- Degenerate during parkinson

51
Q

Nigrostriatal tract

A
  • Dopamine pathway
  • Connets substantia nigra with striatum
  • Involved in movement
52
Q

Nodulus

A
  • Cerebellum, part of vermis

- Vestibular part of cerebellum

53
Q

Putamen nucleus

A
  • Part of basal ganglia
  • Regulate automatic performance movement
  • Influence learning
  • GABA, Ach and enkephalin
54
Q

Lead pipe rigidity

A
  • Basal ganglia disease
  • Stiffness and inflexibility
  • Increased muscle tone, resistance of motion
55
Q

Substantia nigra

A
  • Midbrain
  • Reward, addiction and movement
  • Basal ganglia
56
Q

Vestibular nuclei

A
  • Cranial nuclei for vestibular nerve

- Enter medulla obolongata

B&B 2 (9 decks)

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