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Basic Respiratory Therapy Procedures And Lab > BRTP10 Electrocardiograms > Flashcards

BRTP10 Electrocardiograms Flashcards

1
Q

ECG or EKG

A

Electrocardiogram- tracing the hearts electrical activity (depolarization and repolarization)

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2
Q

When is ECG needed?

A 
Symptoms of heart disease
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Dyspnea with palpitations
Weakness, lethargy
Syncope
Preoperative screening
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3
Q

What does an EKG measure?

A

Cardiac electrical activity

Depolarization and repolarization of the atria and ventricles

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4
Q

Conductivity pathway of the heart

A 
SA Node
AV node 
Bundle of HIS
Bundle branches 
Purkinje fibers
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5
Q

HR range of SA NODE

A

60-100

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6
Q

HR range of AV node

A

40-60

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7
Q

HR range of bundle branches

A

30-40

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8
Q

Hr range of purkinje fibers

A

30-40

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9
Q

What happens if sympathetic nervous system is stimulated

A

HR speeds up

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10
Q

What happens if parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated?

A

Hr slows

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11
Q

What does a p wave represent

A

Atrial depolarization (contraction)

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12
Q

What does QRS complex represent?

A

Ventricular depolarization and atrial Repolarization

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13
Q

What does t wave represent?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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14
Q

What is a segment?

A

A portion of baseline (straight line)

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15
Q

What is an interval

A

Contains at least one WAVE

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16
Q

What do 3 leads and 5 leads do?

A

Monitor heart

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17
Q

What does a 12 lead do?

A

Diagnositics

12 different angles

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18
Q

Placement for a 3 lead?

A

RA white
LA black
LL- red

white on right, smoke over fire

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19
Q

5 lead placement

A

Same as 3 except brown is added on chest and green is added on right lobe

Remember grass is green and low

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20
Q

5 step approach to ECGs analysis

A 
Heart rate
Rhythm
P wave
Pr interval 
Qrs complex
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21
Q

How many seconds is a small box?

A

0.04 seconds

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22
Q

How many seconds is a large box?

A

0.2 seconds

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23
Q

Normal sinus rhythm (NSR)

A

Everything is normal

24
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

Rhythm is regular, but slow

25
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Regular rhythm, but fast

26
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An abnromal heart rhythm

27
Q

What is the duration of a PR interval?

A

0.12-0.2 seconds (3-5 little boxes)

28
Q

Increased heart interval indicates what?

A

A heart block

29
Q

How long is a QRS interval

A

0.1 seconds (less than 2.5 little boxes)

30
Q

Tall t waves

A

Hyperkalemia

31
Q

Flat t waves

A

Hypokalemia

32
Q

Inverted t waves

A

Low k, ischemia

33
Q

What is artifact

A

Interference seen on the monitor or ECG strip

34
Q

4 causes of artifact

A

Movement
Loose electrodes (fuzzy baseline)
Improper grounding
Faulty ecg apparatus

35
Q

ST depression indicates what

A

Ischemia

36
Q

ST elevation indicates what?

A

Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

37
Q

5 components of ecg strip

A 
HR 
Rhythm
P wave
Pr interval
Qrs complex
38
Q

How long is a PR interval

A

0-12-0.2 seconds

39
Q

How long is a QRS complex

A

0.1 seconds

40
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

Rate 60-100

41
Q

Sinus bradycardia

A

Rate less than 60
Slow but regular rhythm

P, qrs, T wave all normal

Causes: physical finess, medications, heart block/ damage

42
Q

Sinus tachycardia

A

Rate greater than 100, less than 150

Fast but regular rhythm

P, qrs, t wave all normal

Causes: exercise, smoking, anxiety, fever, acute hypoxia, pain

43
Q

Premature ventricular contraction

PVC

A

Wide, bizarre, greater rhan .10 seconds

No p wave

Irritability of ventricles

44
Q

Monomorphic

A

All PVC look the same and come from same site

45
Q

Polymorphic

A

Look different, coming from two or more irritable areas in the ventricles

46
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

3 or more consecutive PVCs

QRS wide and irregular

HR generally 120-200

Life threatening always check pulse

Looks like long fangs

47
Q

More characteristics of ventricular tachycardia

A

No pwaves
No pr interval
Abnormally wide QRS ( greater than .10 secs)

48
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Quiver
Not organized, irregular
Chaotic pattern

No cardiav output/ no pulse

Treat with cpr and defibrillation

think small jagged teeth with no pattern

49
Q

Asystole

A

Absence of any cardiac electrical activity

Treat with CPR only

50
Q

Pulseless electric activity (PEA)

A

Pattern on monitor appears organized and regular

No pulse or cardiac output

CPR only

51
Q

Atrial flutter

A

Sawtooth

Atria rate of 250-300 times/ min
P wave flutters and QRS regular

52
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Irregularly, irregular

QRS complex will be irregular

P wave will have extremely wavy pattern

53
Q

Halter monitoring

A

Patient wears monitor 24-48 hours

Used in cases where has irregular heart rhythm but wont show up on regular EKG

54
Q

When do you use defibrillation?

A

When patient doesnt have a pulse and is in Ventricular fibrillation or pulseless v tach

55
Q

When to use cpr

A

V tach without pulse
Ventrical fibrillation
Asystole
Pulseless electrical activity

56
Q

What arrhytmias (dysrhytmias) are associated with acute hypoxia

A

Tachycardia

57
Q

What arrhytmias (dysrhytmias) are associated with severe hypoxia

A

Bradycardia

Basic Respiratory Therapy Procedures And Lab (11 decks)

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